Abstract: A node is configured to operate in a Segment Routing (SR) over Internet Protocol version 6 (SRv6) network, and the node includes circuitry configured to determine a Segment Identifier (SID) list for a forward path in the SRv6 network and SID list for a reverse path in the SRv6 network; and transmit a monitoring packet on the forward path including a Segment Routing Header (SRH) with the SID list for the forward path, and further including the SID list for the reverse path in the monitoring packet, for a SRH of a reply to the monitoring packet. The circuitry can be further configured to receive the reply to the monitoring packet, with the reply having been on a same or different tunnel as the monitoring packet, for monitoring liveliness thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods at a reflector node include steps of receiving a request from an initiator node in the network, the request having been sent in a forward direction from the initiator node to the reflector node to discover a reverse path in a reverse direction from the reflector node to the initiator node, and transmitting a reply to the initiator node with one or more reverse Segment Routing (SR) policies that meet one or more path constraint parameters in the request. The reply can include associated Segment Identifiers (SIDs) for the one or more reverse SR policies. The steps can further include implementing one of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) or a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Ping procedure with the initiator node, sent over one of the one or more reverse SR policies.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing connectivity checks, such as Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD), are provided. A node is configured to operate in a network, the node is a Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) reflector node configured to operate an S-BFD session with an S-BFD initiator node. The node includes circuitry configured to, responsive to an S-BFD discriminator change in the S-BFD session to a new discriminator for the S-BFD session, cache an old discriminator for the S-BFD session, and receive, process, and respond to a S-BFD request from the S-BFD initiator node with an S-BFD response including one of the new discriminator or the old discriminator.

Abstract: A node is configured to operate in a Segment Routing (SR) over Internet Protocol version 6 (SRv6) network, and the node includes circuitry configured to determine a Segment Identifier (SID) list for a forward path in the SRv6 network and SID list for a reverse path in the SRv6 network; and transmit a monitoring packet on the forward path including a Segment Routing Header (SRH) with the SID list for the forward path, and further including the SID list for the reverse path in the monitoring packet, for a SRH of a reply to the monitoring packet. The circuitry can be further configured to receive the reply to the monitoring packet, with the reply having been on a same or different tunnel as the monitoring packet, for monitoring liveliness thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing connectivity checks, such as Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD), are provided. A method, according to one implementation, includes receiving, at a responding node, an entry configured to call for a modification of an identification element (from an old identifier value to a new identifier value) used for identifying the responding node with respect to other nodes of a network. The old and new identifier values are cached in a memory device. Also, the method includes providing a reply packet back to an initiating node in response to receipt of a request packet from the initiating node. The request packet is related to a connectivity check for testing the connectivity between the initiating node and the responding node. In addition, the request packet is able to identify the responding node by either the old identifier value or the new identifier value.

Abstract: Systems and methods at a reflector node include steps of receiving a request from an initiator node in the network, the request having been sent in a forward direction from the initiator node to the reflector node to discover a reverse path in a reverse direction from the reflector node to the initiator node, and transmitting a reply to the initiator node with one or more reverse Segment Routing (SR) policies that meet one or more path constraint parameters in the request. The reply can include associated Segment Identifiers (SIDs) for the one or more reverse SR policies. The steps can further include implementing one of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) or a Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Ping procedure with the initiator node, sent over one of the one or more reverse SR policies.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) over a selected reverse path are provided. A process, according to one implementation, include sending an echo request in a forward direction from an initiator node to a reflector node. For example, the initiator node and reflector node may be configured to operate in a network having no or different centralized controller that manages both the initiator node and reflector node. The echo request may be sent to the reflector node to discover a reverse path in a reverse direction from the reflector node to the initiator node. Also, the reverse path is discovered for the purpose of initiating a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) or Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Ping procedure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring the continuity between endpoints in a network are provided. A process, according to one implementation, includes entering a first list of one or more Segment Identifiers (SIDs) into a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) request packet, the first list of one or more SIDs defining a Segment-Routing Traffic-Engineering (SR-TE) forward path from a source node to a destination node. The process also includes entering a second list of one or more SIDs into the BFD request packet, the second list of one or more SIDs defining an SR-TE reverse path back from the destination node that eliminates involvement of a BFD reflector of the destination node. Also, the process includes entering a revised-BFD request into the BFD request packet, the revised-BFD request having a Your Discriminator field set to a discriminator value associated with the source node.

Abstract: Systems and methods for performing connectivity checks, such as Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD), are provided. A method, according to one implementation, includes receiving, at a responding node, an entry configured to call for a modification of an identification element (from an old identifier value to a new identifier value) used for identifying the responding node with respect to other nodes of a network. The old and new identifier values are cached in a memory device. Also, the method includes providing a reply packet back to an initiating node in response to receipt of a request packet from the initiating node. The request packet is related to a connectivity check for testing the connectivity between the initiating node and the responding node. In addition, the request packet is able to identify the responding node by either the old identifier value or the new identifier value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) over a selected reverse path are provided. A process, according to one implementation, include sending an echo request in a forward direction from an initiator node to a reflector node. For example, the initiator node and reflector node may be configured to operate in a network having no or different centralized controller that manages both the initiator node and reflector node. The echo request may be sent to the reflector node to discover a reverse path in a reverse direction from the reflector node to the initiator node. Also, the reverse path is discovered for the purpose of initiating a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) or Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Ping procedure.

Abstract: A condition resolution system is provided for facilitating resolution of a condition for an entity. The system obtains an indication of a condition to be resolved for the entity, groups the entity with one or more other entities into a group of entities, and ascertains one or more options for resolving the condition using the condition to be resolved and option-related data associated with entities of the group of entities. The condition resolution system further evaluates the one or more options to select an option to resolve the condition for the entity, and determines a risk score for the selected option for resolving the condition. The risk score is based on one or more risk factors, and based on the risk score being acceptable, the system initiates an action based on the selected option to resolve the condition for the entity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyethylene composition comprising a base resin, wherein the base resin comprises (A) a first ethylene-1-butene copolymer fraction (A) having a 1-butene content of from 0.5 wt % to 7.5 wt %, based on the total weight amount of monomer units in the first ethylene-1-butene copolymer fraction (A), and a melt flow rate MFR2 in the range of from 1.0 to less than 50.0 g/10 min, determined according to ISO 1133 at a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg; and (B) a second ethylene-1-butene copolymer fraction having a higher 1-butene content as the first ethylene-1-butene copolymer fraction (B); wherein the base resin is polymerized in the presence of a single site catalyst system and has a density of from 913.0 to 920.0 kg/m3 and a 1-butene content of from 8.0 to 13.

Abstract: Systems and methods for incorporating a new channel-type value in the header of a Generic Associated Channel (G-ACh) for Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) Layer-2 packets over Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks are provided. The channel-type value of the G-ACh header may be used for identification of the network-generated CFM Layer-2 packets. In one implementation, a system may include a processing device and a memory device, where the memory device may be configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the processing device to obtain a Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) packet, encapsulate the CFM packet with Pseudo-Wire (PW) and Label-Switched Path (LSP) labels to create an expanded packet, and incorporate a specific channel-type value in a G-ACh header of the expanded packet to uniquely identify the CFM packet.

Abstract: Systems and methods for incorporating a new channel-type value in the header of a Generic Associated Channel (G-ACh) for Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) Layer-2 packets over Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks are provided. The channel-type value of the G-ACh header may be used for identification of the network-generated CFM Layer-2 packets. In one implementation, a system may include a processing device and a memory device, where the memory device may be configured to store instructions that, when executed, cause the processing device to obtain a Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) packet, encapsulate the CFM packet with Pseudo-Wire (PW) and Label-Switched Path (LSP) labels to create an expanded packet, and incorporate a specific channel-type value in a G-ACh header of the expanded packet to uniquely identify the CFM packet.

Abstract: A G.8032 misconfiguration detection method in a node includes receiving a mapped configuration from another node on a ring, wherein the mapped configuration includes a mapping of G.8032 instances to Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) identifiers configured at the another node; comparing the mapped configuration with a local configuration on the node; and, responsive to a mismatch in the comparing, providing one of a trap and a notification based on the mismatch. The G.8032 misconfiguration can include one of a VLAN not mapped as protected to a node and a VLAN removed from a protected list at the node.

Abstract: A self-healing hydrophobic epoxy resin composition is provided. The self-healing epoxy resin composition comprises an epoxy resin component and a hardener component, the hardener component comprises at least 0.1 weight % of a modified epoxy resin hardener. The modified epoxy resin hardener is a reaction product of an amino modified oligomericsiloxane and a carboxylic acid anhydride. A process for preparing the modified epoxy resin hardener is also disclosed.

Abstract: A G.8032 misconfiguration detection method in a node includes receiving a mapped configuration from another node on a ring, wherein the mapped configuration includes a mapping of G.8032 instances to Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) identifiers configured at the another node; comparing the mapped configuration with a local configuration on the node; and, responsive to a mismatch in the comparing, providing one of a trap and a notification based on the mismatch. The G.8032 misconfiguration can include one of a VLAN not mapped as protected to a node and a VLAN removed from a protected list at the node.

Abstract: A self-healing hydrophobic epoxy resin composition is provided. The self-healing epoxy resin composition comprises an epoxy resin component and a hardener component, the hardener component comprises at least 0.1 weight % of a modified epoxy resin hardener. The modified epoxy resin hardener is a reaction product of an amino modified oligomericsiloxane and a carboxylic acid anhydride. A process for preparing the modified epoxy resin hardener is also disclosed.