Abstract: A carbon-based additive for negative active materials includes carbon nanostructures free of a fiber substrate, carbon nanostructures fused to a fiber substrate or any combination thereof. In many cases, the carbon-based additive further includes carbon black. The additive is used to prepare electrode compositions for lead acid batteries. Batteries that include such electrode compositions are characterized by improved dynamic charge acceptance and lead utilization, typically at acceptable water loss levels. Some of the batteries described herein exhibit a negligible memory effect.

Abstract: A composition suitable for a negative plate of lead-acid battery includes (a) a lead-based active material; (b) at least one material selected from the group consisting of a lignosulfonate and barium sulfate; and (c1) carbon black particles having a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area greater than or equal to 90 m2/g and less than or equal to 900 m2/g, and an oil adsorption number (OAN) greater than or equal to 150 mL/100 g and less than or equal to 300 mL/100 g, or (c2) carbon black particles having a BET surface area greater than or equal to 40 m2/g and less than or equal to 500 m2/g, and graphenes particles. The composition has a theoretical negative active mass (NAM) BET surface area greater than or equal to 0.75 m2/g and less than or equal to 2 m2/g. The compositions can be used in electrodes, e.g., those used in lead-acid batteries.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions, which can be used to coat electrode plates, comprising at least one carbonaceous material and at least one additive, wherein the at least one additive comprises a metal ion selected from calcium, barium, potassium, magnesium, and strontium ion, and wherein the metal ion is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 3 wt. % relative to the total weight of carbonaceous material. Also disclosed are electrodes and lead acid batteries comprising such compositions, and methods of making the compositions.

Abstract: A composition, includes: carbon black particles having a surface energy less than 5 mJ/m2; graphite particles having a BET surface area greater than 5 m2/g and more than about 50 graphitic layers, wherein the ratio of the carbon black particles to the graphite particles ranges from 0.25:1 to 4:1 by weight; and a liquid medium.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oxidized carbon blacks, which can be incorporated into electrode compositions for lead acid batteries. In some embodiments, the oxidized carbon blacks have a BET surface area ranging from 650 to 2100 m2/g; an oil absorption number (OAN) ranging from 35 to 500 mL/100 g; and a volatile content of at least 5.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the oxidized carbon black, as determined by weight loss at 950° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions, which can be used to coat electrode plates, comprising at least one carbonaceous material and at least one additive, wherein the at least one additive comprises a metal ion selected from calcium, barium, potassium, magnesium, and strontium ion, and wherein the metal ion is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 3 wt. % relative to the total weight of carbonaceous material. Also disclosed are electrodes and lead acid batteries comprising such compositions, and methods of making the compositions.

Abstract: A supercapacitor includes an electrode comprising activated carbon and carbon black particles containing less than or equal to about 100 ppm of calcium. A method includes treating base carbon black particles to form treated carbon black particles containing less than or equal to about 100 ppm of calcium; and using the treated carbon black particles to form an electrode of a supercapacitor. Carbon black particles having a Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 650 m2/g to 2,050 m2/g, and comprising less than or equal to about 100 ppm of calcium.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oxidized carbon blacks, which can be incorporated into electrode compositions for lead acid batteries. In some embodiments, the oxidized carbon blacks have a BET surface area ranging from 650 to 2100 m2/g; an oil absorption number (OAN) ranging from 35 to 500 mL/100 g; and a volatile content of at least 5.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the oxidized carbon black, as determined by weight loss at 950° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions, which can be used to coat electrode plates, comprising at least one carbonaceous material and at least one additive, wherein the at least one additive comprises a metal ion selected from calcium, barium, potassium, magnesium, and strontium ion, and wherein the metal ion is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 3 wt. % relative to the total weight of carbonaceous material. Also disclosed are electrodes and lead acid batteries comprising such compositions, and methods of making the compositions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to high surface area graphitized carbon and to processes for making high surface area graphitized carbon. The process includes steps of graphitizing and increasing the surface area of (in either order) a starting carbon material to form high surface area graphitized carbon. The step of increasing the surface area optionally comprises an oxidizing step (e.g., through steam etching) or template removal from composite particles. The invention is also directed to catalyst particles and electrodes employing catalyst particles that are formed from the high surface area graphitized carbon.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oxidized carbon blacks, which can be incorporated into electrode compositions for lead acid batteries. In some embodiments, the oxidized carbon blacks have a BET surface area ranging from 650 to 2100 m2/g; an oil absorption number (OAN) ranging from 35 to 500 mL/100 g; and a volatile content of at least 5.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the oxidized carbon black, as determined by weight loss at 950° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are electrode compositions comprising a homogeneous mixture comprising: a lead-containing material and a carbon additive comprising carbon black and activated carbon. A total amount of the carbon additive ranges from 0.1% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition can have a ratio of carbon black to activated carbon ranging from 0.1:0.9 to 0.5:0.5. The activated carbon can have a d50 particle size distribution ranging from 4 ?m to 100 ?m, and a pore volume of at least 0.7 cm3/g. Also disclosed are electrodes formed from the electrode composition, cells (e.g., lead-acid battery) comprising the electrodes/electrode compositions, and methods of making thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions, which can be used to coat electrode plates, comprising at least one carbonaceous material and at least one additive, wherein the at least one additive comprises a metal ion selected from calcium, barium, potassium, magnesium, and strontium ion, and wherein the metal ion is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 3 wt. % relative to the total weight of carbonaceous material. Also disclosed are electrodes and lead acid batteries comprising such compositions, and methods of making the compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oxidized carbon blacks, which can be incorporated into electrode compositions for lead acid batteries. In some embodiments, the oxidized carbon blacks have a BET surface area ranging from 650 to 2100 m2/g; an oil absorption number (OAN) ranging from 35 to 500 mL/100 g; and a volatile content of at least 5.5 wt. % relative to the total weight of the oxidized carbon black, as determined by weight loss at 950° C.

Abstract: A paste suitable for a negative plate of a lead-acid battery, the paste comprising lead oxide and carbon black, wherein the carbon black has the following properties: (a) a BET surface area between about 100 and about 2100 m2/g; and (b) an oil adsorption number (OAN) in the range of about 35 to about 360 cc/100 g, provided that the oil absorption number is less than the 0.14×the BET surface area+65.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising: a carbon additive prewetted with an acid (e.g., H2SO4); and a lead-containing material. Also disclosed are methods of making such compositions, and pastes and electrodes made therefrom.

Abstract: A carbon black having a combination of properties with values in ranges selected to promote high conductivity, high hydrophobicity, and reduced outgassing in lead acid batteries while maintaining high charge acceptance and cycleability. The carbon black has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 100 m2/g to 1100 m2/g combined with one or more properties, e.g., a surface energy (SE) of 10 mJ/m2 or less, and/or a Raman microcrystalline planar size (La) of at least 22 ?, e.g., ranging from 22 ? to 50 ?. In some cases, the carbon black has a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of at least 100 m2/g, e.g., ranging from 100 m2/g to 600 m2/g.

Abstract: A paste suitable for a negative plate of a lead-acid battery comprises at least (a) a lead-based active material and an expander mixture comprising (b) carbon, (c) barium sulfate and (d) a lignosulfonate, wherein at least part of at least two of said components (a) to (d) are present in the paste as composite particles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are electrode compositions comprising a homogeneous mixture comprising: a lead-containing material and a carbon additive comprising carbon black and activated carbon. A total amount of the carbon additive ranges from 0.1% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition can have a ratio of carbon black to activated carbon ranging from 0.1:0.9 to 0.5:0.5. The activated carbon can have a d50 particle size distribution ranging from 4 ?m to 100 ?m, and a pore volume of at least 0.7 cm3/g. Also disclosed are electrodes formed from the electrode composition, cells (e.g., lead-acid battery) comprising the electrodes/electrode compositions, and methods of making thereof.

Abstract: A paste suitable for a negative plate of a lead-acid battery comprises lead oxide and composite particles comprising carbon and silica.