Abstract: One embodiment of a composition containing 1200 mg of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and 400 mg of alpha-lipoic acid. For the purpose of eliminating many or all the symptoms of alcoholic hangover and the alcohol flushing reaction in susceptible individuals, this composition is ingested within 30 minutes prior to the initiation of drinking one or more alcoholic beverages and the same composition is ingested within 30 minutes after cessation of drinking alcoholic beverages.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for inhibiting calpain by contacting calpain with one or more HIV protease inhibitors or analogs. Included are embodiments for identifying subjects at risk of suffering calpain-mediated physiological damage and administering to them the HIV protease inhibitors or analogs. Alternatively, a compound may be administered to a subject following an actual event implicating activation of calpain. Also included are methods of treating or preventing calpain-mediated physiological damage in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition which includes at least one HIV protease inhibitor or analog. The pharmaceutical compositions can be used in the treatment of a variety of conditions or diseases implicated by or associated with calpain activation, including cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for inhibiting calpain by contacting calpain with one or more HIV protease inhibitors or analogs. Included are embodiments for identifying subjects at risk of suffering calpain-mediated physiological damage and administering to them the HIV protease inhibitors or analogs. Alternatively, a compound may be administered to a subject following an actual event implicating activation of calpain. Also included are methods of treating or preventing calpain-mediated physiological damage in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition which includes at least one HIV protease inhibitor or analog. The pharmaceutical compositions can be used in the treatment of a variety of conditions or diseases implicated by or associated with calpain activation, including cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: Statistical information is determined for time series data of a measurable activity. The time series data of the measurable activity is obtained and comprises data elements representative of the measurable activity. A Hurst exponent is determined from the time series data and is the statistical information of the time series data.