Abstract: The machine for detecting traffic offenses, comprises means (1, 3) for measuring the speed of transit (v) of a vehicle (V) along a carriageway and, connected to these, camera means (5, 7, 9) for capturing an image of the vehicle. Means (F3; 11) are also provided for detecting the transverse position (d) of the vehicle across said carriageway; the camera means are controlled as a function of said transverse position (d).

Abstract: Gaseous bubbles are made to rise in two respective measuring columns (30,20) for purified reference water and for the water to be examined, which columns are supplied with descending currents and drained by respective ascending discharge columns (34,24) and overflows (36,26); the bubbles are measured with a konimeter on the rising sections, and the difference in rising times in the two columns is calculated, in order to determine the extent of the presence of surfactants.