Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a trading system for consolidating messages in intermediate server layers. It is operated in at least one of a data- and telecommunication network. Message distribution is introduced by collecting and distributing them through hold-back time frames, thereby, eliminating transactional overhead and achieving a substantial gain in message throughput time in the trading system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, a central system, an application, and an electronic memory for a pricing function for derivatives of market maker participants. Market makers are electronically addressing the application recalculating the pricing function of the derivatives to an option price for an underlying instrument pricing, having an underlying reference parameter (Ref). The function made up by parameters being approximately constant in an interval. Thus, the function can be approximated as a linear function within the interval. The processing of the function in a trade server reduces the risk in lost time for participants handling with derivatives, and minimizes the processing and the distribution effort at a central system by letting the recalculating of the pricing function be performed at the central system and its application therefore.