Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus comprising input circuitry configured to acquire imaging data corresponding to a branched organic structure, and image processing circuitry. The image processing circuitry is configured to determine, from the imaging data, a parametric configuration of the branched organic structure comprising solid and volumetric scaffolding data indicative of the branched organic structure, and determine, based on the scaffolding data, a multi-dimensional parametric representation of the branched organic structure.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus comprising input circuitry configured to acquire imaging data corresponding to a branched biological structure. The apparatus further comprises image processing circuitry configured to: extract, from the imaging data, a configuration of the branched biological structure; determine graph data indicative of the configuration of the branched biological structure; and detect, based on the graph data, a biological characteristic of the branched biological structure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and segmenting anomalous data in an input data set such as an image is described, which makes use of a normalized distance measure referred to as a zeta distance score. A test data point from an input test data set is compared with its corresponding nearest neighboring standard data points in standard data sets representing variation in normal or expected data values, and the average distance from the test data point to the standard data points is found. An additional average distance measure representing the average distance between the different nearest neighboring corresponding standard data points is also found, and a normalized distance measure obtained by finding the difference between the average distance from the test data point to the standard points and the average distance between the nearest neighboring standard data points themselves. Where the input test data set is an image then a zeta distance score map can be found.

Abstract: Provided are methods and materials for treating a neurological, behavioural, psychological, psychiatric, or personality disorder or syndrome in an individual, which disorder or syndrome is associated with a plurality of aberrant thoughts, behaviors and/or dispositions to behaviour. The methods comprise (i) selecting an individual suffering from, or believed to suffer from, said disorder or syndrome; and (ii) selecting a set of effector junctions in the individual, wherein at least one of said aberrant thoughts, behaviors or dispositions is modifiable by modulation of transmission across the set of effector junctions; (iii) treating the individual with an agent (for example botulinum toxin or a derivative or analog thereof) or intervention which causes blockade of or interference with the set of effector junctions, wherein blockade of the set of effector junctions results in an inhibition of the plurality of aberrant thoughts, behaviors and/or dispositions associated with the disorder.

Abstract: A contact lens for treating binocular diplopia, the contact lens comprising: a central region adapted to degrade light passing therethrough, so as to create a central scotoma in a patient's eye in which the contact lens is placed in use; and a peripheral region adapted to degrade light passing therethrough to a lesser extent than in the central region, or not at all; such that, in use, an image in the field of view of the said eye is degraded only in the center or to a greater extent in the center than in the periphery. Also provided is a method of manufacturing such a lens, and a method of treating binocular diplopia comprising applying such a lens to a patient's eye.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and segmenting anomalous data in an input data set such as an image is described, which makes use of a normalised distance measure referred to as a zeta distance score. A test data point from an input test data set is compared with its corresponding nearest neighbouring standard data points in standard data sets representing variation in normal or expected data values, and the average distance from the test data point to the standard data points is found. An additional average distance measure representing the average distance between the different nearest neighbouring corresponding standard data points is also found, and a normalised distance measure obtained by finding the difference between the average distance from the test data point to the standard points and the average distance between the nearest neighbouring standard data points themselves. Where the input test data set is an image then a zeta distance score map can be found.

Abstract: A contact lens for treating binocular diplopia, the contact lens comprising: a central region adapted to degrade light passing therethrough, so as to create a central scotoma in a patient's eye in which the contact lens is placed in use; and a peripheral region adapted to degrade light passing therethrough to a lesser extent than in the central region, or not at all; such that, in use, an image in the field of view of the said eye is degraded only in the centre or to a greater extent in the centre than in the periphery. Also provided is a method of manufacturing such a lens, and a method of treating binocular diplopia comprising applying such a lens to a patient's eye.