Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for the vinylation of pyrrolidone with acetylene in the presence of an alkali metal salt of said pyrrolidone as a catalyst, by the addition of between about 0.2 and about 8 weight-%, based on total feed, of a polyoxyalkylene glycol; a polyoxyalkylene phenol, optionally substituted with an alkyl group; a polyoxyalkylene ether or mixtures thereof; said polyoxyalkylene compound having a number average molecular weight of between about 175 and 2,000 and containing between 4 and 40 oxyethylene and/or oxypropylene units. The invention also pertains to a novel coacting catalyst composition for use in vinylation reactions comprising said alkali metal salt of said pyrrolidone in admixture with said polyoxyalkylene compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to the treatment to remove dioxane from gaseous effluents by contacting the effluent with a concentrated acid having a pK.sub.1 value of not more than 5 to complex the dioxane with acid preliminary to venting the treated gaseous effluent to the atmosphere and disposing of the complex wherein the dioxane is concentrated.

Abstract: High acid content latexes can be produced through the use of novel polyethyleneoxy sulfonates surfactants. An aqueous emulsion can be produced from the reaction product of vinyl acid monomer and another copolymerizable monomer or monomers. The vinyl acid monomer being present in an amount equal to about 5% to about 50% by weight based on total weight of the monomers and the surfactant is present in an amount equal to about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent based on the total weight of monomers and is represented by the formula:R.sub.1 (R.sub.2).sub.y O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n-1 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 Mewherein:R.sub.1 is an alkyl having at least 6 carbon atoms;R.sub.2 is an aryl group;n is at least 3; andMe is NH.sub.4, Na, Li or K.Y is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The partial alkylation of a polyhydroxybenzophenone having ortho- and para-hydroxy substituents to form an ortho-hydroxy, para-alkoxy benzophenone is carried out in the presence of a non-aqueous solvent, viz. a polyethylene glycol or its mono or dialkylated derivatives, whereby high yields of alkylated product are obtained in shorter reaction times.

Abstract: The isocyanate polyoxyalkylenes having the formula:OCN--(AO).sub.x --(BO).sub.y --(CO).sub.z --DE I.wherein E is --NCO or an amino group; A, C and D represent lower alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; B is alkylene of 2 to 8 carbon atoms; y and z are each integers having a value of 0 to 50 and x is an integer having a value of from 2 to 50, and intermixtures of said polyoxyalkylenes.The above compounds display a wide variety of uses, namely for the control of fungi and bacteria or for the prevention of such infestation. They are also useful dielectric constant depressors for polymeric substances, e.g. polyvinylchloride, polyvinylidene halides, etc., extenders for solids in latices and anti-static agents.

Abstract: The thiocyano-containing polyoxyalkylenes having the formula:NCS--(AO).sub.x --(BO).sub.Y --(CO).sub.z --DE I.wherein E is --SCN or a halogen atom; A, C and D represent lower alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; B is alkylene of 2 to 8 carbon atoms; y and z are each integers having a value of 0 to 50 and x is an integer having a value of from 2 to 50, and intermixtures of said polyoxyalkylenes.The above compounds display a wide variety of uses, namely for the control of fungi and bacteria or for the prevention of such infestations and infections. They are also useful nematocides and insecticides.

Abstract: Improved surfactants can be produced from alkyl aryl poly(ethyleneoxy) sulfonates, represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is an alkyl or dialkyl group having at least 6 carbon atoms; andn is greater than 9; andMe is a monovalent cation, preferably Na, NH.sub.4, K or Li.High solids content aqueous vinyl acetate emulsions having long term stability are provided by polymerizing vinyl acetate in the presence of the surfactant and water. The quantity of water is predetermined so as to produce a latex having at least 40% solids.

Abstract: The sulfur-containing polyoxyalkylenes having the formula: ##STR1## wherein E is --SW or a halogen atom; W is hydrogen, phenyl, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkali metal or ammonium ion, or a heterocyclic radical containing from 2 to 4 hetero atoms in a 5-or 6-membered ring which may be monocyclic or may be fused to an aromatic ring; A, C and D represent lower alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; B is alkylene of 2 to 8 carbon atoms; y and z are each integers having a value of 0 to 50; x is an integer having a value of from 2 to 50; and n is an integer having a value of from 1 to 30; and intermixtures of said polyoxyalkylenes.The above compounds display a wide variety of uses; however, all are active metal working lubricants.

Abstract: The sulfide polymers of polyoxyalkylenes having the formula: ##STR1## wherein M is alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, benzyl, phenyl, hydrogen or an alkali metal or ammonium ion; A, C and D represent lower alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; B is alkylene of 2 to 8 carbon atoms; y and z are each integers having a value of 0 to 50; x is an integer having a value of from 1 to 50; n is an integer having a value of 1 to 30; and m has a value of from 2 to 10; and intermixtures of said polyoxyalkylene sulfide polymers.The above polymers have excellent antioxidating properties and are useful as synthetic metal working lubricants, antistatic agents and antioxidants for various other types of applications. They can also be used as crosslinking agents to impart oxidation resistance and static elimination.

Abstract: A process for preparing a substantially salt free N-acyl taurine by reacting 1 mole of a higher molecular weight carboxylic acid chloride with 1 mole of a taurine salt containing at least 1 N-bonded H atom in a lower alkanol initially containing no more than about 15% by weight of water and about 1 mole of an alkali metal hydroxide at elevated temperatures, preferably at reflux, separating the insoluble precipitated alkali metal chloride from the alkanolic reaction medium at a temperature high enough to solubilize the N-acyl taurine reaction product, and cooling the reaction medium low enough to precipitate the desired N-acyl taurine.

Abstract: Hair preparations containing a copolymer of about 99.5 to 45.1 mole percent vinyl pyrrolidone and about 0.5 to 4.9 mole percent diloweralkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, and method of setting and conditioning hair therewith.

Abstract: A low-foaming machine dishwashing composition comprising (1) an alkali metal, or ammonium, carbonate and (2) a water soluble salt of a polyelectrolyte having an average molecular weight of about 500-4000 and the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 can be hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, or a combination thereof; R.sub.3 and R.sub.6 can be hydrogen, carboxy, or alkylcarboxy; and the sum of (a+b) is .gtoreq.5 to .ltoreq.30, preferably .gtoreq.7 to .ltoreq.15, employed in a weight ratio (polyelectrolyte:carbonate) of 5:95-20:80, and, preferably, a low foaming surfactant, results in effective and economical dishwashing.

Abstract: Phosphoric acid esters of poly(2-10)ethyleneoxy n butane 1,4-diols are water soluble compounds which may be used in formulating light to heavy duty water-based metal working fluid compositions.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided herein improved glass fiber dispersions for making uniform glass fiber mats by the wet-laid process. The well dispersed glass fiber compositions of this invention usually are prepared by mixing chopped glass fiber bundles in water with a small amount of an amine oxide surfactant to disperse the bundles into individual fibers. As a feature of the invention, the dispersions may be formed at relatively high glass fiber consistencies. The resultant dispersions then are used to make very high quality glass fiber mats at high rates of production.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided herein improved glass fiber dispersions for making uniform glass fiber mats by the wet-laid process. The well dispersed glass fiber compositions of this invention usually are prepared by mixing chopped glass fibers in water with a small amount of a select group of cationic quaternary ammonium compounds which have at least two long chain groups as part of the molecule. As features of the invention, the dispersions may be formed at relatively high glass fiber consistencies, in neutral or slightly alkaline solutions, and without generation of a high degree of foams. The resultant dispersions then are used to make very high quality glass fiber mats at high rates of production.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided herein a method of increasing the strength of wet glass fiber mats prepared by the wet-laid process. The wet-strength of such freshly prepared glass fiber mats are improved in this invention by treating the wet mat with a dilute solution of an anionic polyelectrolyte. As a feature of the invention, the wet-strength of such mats are increased substantially so that they may be conveniently handled and transferred, even manually, for further processing, e.g. for applying binders and drying, into the finished glass fiber mat product.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided herein a method of increasing the strength of wet glass fiber mats prepared by the wet-laid process. The wet-strength of such freshly prepared glass fiber mats are improved in this invention by treating the wet mat with a dilute solution of an anionic surfactant. As a feature of the invention, the wet-strength of such mats are increased substantially so that they may be conveniently handled and transferred, even manually, for further processing, e.g. for applying binders and drying, into the finished glass fiber mat product.

Abstract: Phosphoric acid esters of poly(2-10)ethyleneoxy n butane 1,4-diols provide water soluble lubricants suited for formulating light to heavy duty water-based metal working fluid compositions.

Abstract: Hair preparations containing a copolymer of about 95 to 45 mole percent of vinyl pyrrolidone and about 5 to 50 mole percent of diloweralkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, and method of setting and conditioning hair therewith.

Abstract: The invention relates to a detergent composition comprising a low-foaming, non-ionic surfactant and a synergistic hydrotrope mixture. The hydrotrope mixture is composed of two classes of organic phosphate esters A and B wherein A is the reaction product of a compound of the formulaR -- OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --.sub.n OHwherein R is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl and n is 1 to 10, with phosphorus pentoxide and B is the reaction product of a compound of the above formula with polyphosphoric acid. The weight ratio of A:B is 1:9 to 9:1. The composition may further comprise an alkaline builder.