Abstract: Systems, methods, and controllers for controlling an adjustment process for a target system are provided. A central controller receives time-related electrical energy demand data, sensor data from controllers of devices which selectively apply electrical power to the target system, and commands the controllers to apply power to exceed a target control value up to a maximum control value where the electrical energy demand data remains below a threshold and only apply sufficient energy to reach the target control value, at least within a margin, where the electrical energy demand data remains above the threshold.

Abstract: Decentralized control systems and methods include control devices arranged sequentially at a system for undertaking operation. Each control device includes a sensor and an energy application element. The control devices determine measurements of control parameters based on data received from the sensors. A particular level of energy is applied to the system by the energy application element based on the measurements relative to an operational setpoint. The measurement is transmitted to other ones of the control devices such that each of the control devices receive the measurements of the control parameter from a different combination of the control devices. Upon receipt of an out-of-tolerance measurement at one of the control devices, the operational setpoint of the control device is adjusted and sends a signal to at least one non-originating control device(s) associated with the receiving control device to adjust the operational setpoint thereof.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and controllers for controlling an adjustment process for a target system are provided. A central controller receives time-related electrical energy demand data, sensor data from controllers of devices which selectively apply electrical power to the target system, and commands the controllers to apply power to exceed a target control value up to a maximum control value where the electrical energy demand data remains below a threshold and only apply sufficient energy to reach the target control value, at least within a margin, where the electrical energy demand data remains above the threshold.

Abstract: A decentralized control system with adjustable operations includes control devices for arrangement at a system for undertaking. When so arranged, the control devices determine a measurement of a control parameter at a respective one of the control devices, and electronically share the measurement with other one or ones of the control devices such that each of the control devices receive measurements from a different one or combination of the control devices. Upon receipt of an out-of-tolerance measurement from any other of the control devices, the respective one of the control devices adjusts its operational setpoint and/or sends a signal to a same and/or different other one or ones of the control devices to adjust their operational setpoint.

Abstract: A decentralized control system with adjustable operations includes control devices for arrangement at a system for undertaking. When so arranged, the control devices determine a measurement of a control parameter at a respective one of the control devices, and electronically share the measurement with other one or ones of the control devices such that each of the control devices receive measurements from a different one or combination of the control devices. Upon receipt of an out-of-tolerance measurement from any other of the control devices, the respective one of the control devices adjusts its operational setpoint and/or sends a signal to a same and/or different other one or ones of the control devices to adjust their operational setpoint.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and controllers for controlling an adjustment process for a target system are provided. A central controller receives time-related electrical energy demand data, sensor data from controllers of devices which selectively apply electrical power to the target system, and commands the controllers to apply power to exceed a target control value up to a maximum control value where the electrical energy demand data remains below a threshold and only apply sufficient energy to reach the target control value, at least within a margin, where the electrical energy demand data remains above the threshold.

Abstract: A control arrangement for an operating system has a plurality of control devices, arranged in a sequential order. Each control device shares information, including operational condition and a real-time measurement of at least one control parameter, with at least one control device in an upstream direction and at least one control device in a downstream direction. The control arrangement also has first and second terminal control devices. The first terminal control device is positioned at a beginning of the sequential order and the second terminal control device positioned at an end of the sequential order. The first terminal control device shares information only with control devices in the downstream direction and the second terminal control device shares information only with control devices in the upstream direction. In some applications, each control device that is not a terminal control device shares information with more than one control device in each direction.

Abstract: A method for controlling a process that draws power from an electrical power source operates by obtaining time-related electrical demand data from the electrical power source and adaptively adjusting at least one control parameter in a control algorithm for the process to reduce the cost of the electrical energy consumed. The time-related electrical demand data indicates at least diurnal variation, and optionally seasonal variation, in electrical power demand. The time-related electrical power demand data may also include real-time electrical power demand data from the electrical power source.

Abstract: A control arrangement for an operating system has a plurality of control devices, arranged in a sequential order. Each control device shares information, including operational condition and a real-time measurement of at least one control parameter, with at least one control device in an upstream direction and at least one control device in a downstream direction. The control arrangement also has first and second terminal control devices. The first terminal control device is positioned at a beginning of the sequential order and the second terminal control device positioned at an end of the sequential order. The first terminal control device shares information only with control devices in the downstream direction and the second terminal control device shares information only with control devices in the upstream direction. In some applications, each control device that is not a terminal control device shares information with more than one control device in each direction.

Abstract: A method for controlling a process that draws power from an electrical power source operates by obtaining time-related electrical demand data from the electrical power source and adaptively adjusting at least one control parameter in a control algorithm for the process to reduce the cost of the electrical energy consumed. The time-related electrical demand data indicates at least diurnal variation, and optionally seasonal variation, in electrical power demand. The time-related electrical power demand data may also include real-time electrical power demand data from the electrical power source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the three-dimensional measurement of coordinates (xli, yli, zli) of a set of N predetermined points (Plij) of the surface of a mechanical part to be measured, relatively to a predetermined reference system (Ro), and the direction cosines (cxthij) cythij, czthij) of the theoretical normals (Nthij) thereto at the theoretical points (Pthij) corresponding to said N predetermined points (Plij) are known, and including: a preparatory phase, in which the coordinates (xoij, yoij, zoij) of N points (Poij), corresponding to said N predetermined points (Plij) of the surface of a first mechanical part taken as a standard part, are measured relatively to the predetermined reference system (Ro), an initialization phase, in which N displacement measurements (loij) along said normals (Nthij) are simultaneously and respectively read on said N points (Poij) of said standard part, a measurement phase, in which N linear displacement measurements (llij), simultaneously and respectively perfor

Abstract: A killed and vacuum-degassed very-low-carbon steel containing, by weight, between 0.10 and 0.35% manganese, less than 0.006% nitrogen, less than 0.025% phosphorus, less than 0.020% sulphur, less than 0.020% silicon, at most 0.08% of at least one of the elements copper, nickel and chromium, as well as aluminum. The steel is cast in the form of a slab, the slab is hot rolled in order to obtain a hot-rolled sheet, the hot-rolled sheet is coiled, the hot-rolled sheet is cold rolled in two rolling operations separated by a continuous annealing operation. The steel contains at most 0.006% carbon by weight and 0.010% aluminum and the hot-rolled sheet is coiled at a temperature below 620° C. Preferably, the steel is killed by mixing with a slag containing adjusted amounts of aluminum and of alumina.