Abstract: An apparatus for measuring through optical means temporally resolved, optical properties, and/or phenotypes, linked to cellular homeostasis. Those temporal measurements enable the detection of cell regulation through various channels linked to homeostasis, in order to assess cell viability or early cell death through rapid diagnostic.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring through optical means temporally resolved, optical properties, and/or phenotypes, linked to cellular homeostasis. Those temporal measurements enable the detection of cell regulation through various channels linked to homeostasis, in order to assess cell viability or early cell death through rapid diagnostic.

Abstract: A method for measuring through optical means temporally resolved, optical properties, and/or phenotypes that are linked to cellular homeostasis. Those temporal measurements enable the detection of cell regulation through various channels linked to homeostasis, in order to monitor cell viability.

Abstract: Articles, such as tubing or strips, which have excellent corrosion resistance to water or steam at elevated temperatures, are produced from alloys having 0.2 to 1.5 weight percent niobium, 0.01 to 0.6 weight percent iron, and optionally additional alloy elements selected from the group consisting of tin, chromium, copper, vanadium, and nickel with the balance at least 97 weight percent zirconium, including impurities, where a necessary final heat treatment includes one of i) a SRA or PRXA (15-20% RXA) final heat treatment, or ii) a PRXA (80-95% RXA) or RXA final heat treatment.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for monitoring and measuring matter and energy fluxes by use of devices able to detect refractive index changes. In one aspect, apparatus use an interference between two electromagnetic radiations in order to provide high sensitivity, enabling fluxes monitoring at the microscopic scale, by measuring phase changes or Optical Path Length (OPL) changes. In one aspect, methods are provided for monitoring and measuring the electrical activity of a biological cells, simultaneously on several cells, without use of electrodes and contrast agents.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring through optical means temporally resolved, optical properties, and/or phenotypes, linked to cellular homeostasis. Those temporal measurements enable the detection of cell regulation through various channels linked to homeostasis, in order to assess cell viability or early cell death through rapid diagnostic.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for monitoring and measuring matter and energy fluxes by use of devices able to detect refractive index changes. In one aspect, apparatus use an interference between two electromagnetic radiations in order to provide high sensitivity, enabling fluxes monitoring at the microscopic scale, by measuring phase changes or Optical Path Length (OPL) changes. In one aspect, methods are provided for monitoring and measuring the electrical activity of a biological cells, simultaneously on several cells, without use of electrodes and contrast agents.

Abstract: Articles, such as tubing or strips, which have excellent corrosion resistance to water or steam at elevated temperatures, are produced from alloys having 0.2 to 1.5 weight percent niobium, 0.01 to 0.6 weight percent iron, and optionally additional alloy elements selected from the group consisting of tin, chromium, copper, vanadium, and nickel with the balance at least 97 weight percent zirconium, including impurities, where a necessary final heat treatment includes one of i) a SRA or PRXA (15-20% RXA) final heat treatment, or ii) a PRXA (80-95% RXA) or RXA final heat treatment.

Abstract: Articles, such as tubing or strips, which have excellent corrosion resistance to water or steam at elevated temperatures, are produced from alloys having 0.2 to 1.5 weight percent niobium, 0.01 to 0.45 weight percent iron, at least one additional alloy element selected from 0.02 to 0.8 weight percent tin, 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent chromium, 0.02 to 0.3 weight percent copper, 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent vanadium, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent nickel, the balance at least 97 weight percent zirconium, including impurities, wherein the alloy may be fabricated from a process of forging the zirconium alloy into a material, beta quenching the material, forming the material by extruding or hot rolling the material, cold working the material with one or a multiplicity of cold working steps, wherein the cold working step includes cold reducing the material and annealing the material at an intermediate anneal temperature of 960°-1105° F., and final working and annealing of the material.

Abstract: Articles, such as tubing or strips, which have excellent corrosion resistance to water or steam at elevated temperatures, are produced from alloys having 0.2 to 1.5 weight percent niobium, 0.01 to 0.45 weight percent iron, at least one additional alloy element selected from 0.02 to 0.8 weight percent tin, 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent chromium, 0.02 to 0.3 weight percent copper, 0.1 to 0.3 weight percent vanadium, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent nickel, the balance at least 97 weight percent zirconium, including impurities, wherein the alloy may be fabricated from a process of forging the zirconium alloy into a material, beta quenching the material, forming the material by extruding or hot rolling the material, cold working the material with one or a multiplicity of cold working steps, wherein the cold working step includes cold reducing the material and annealing the material at an intermediate anneal temperature of 960°-1105° F., and final working and annealing of the material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and apparatus for determining the hydride content in an electrically conductive substrate by generating a first electromagnetic alternating field that at least partly penetrates the substrate which in turn produces a second alternating field that reacts with the first field. The first field is set at at least two different frequencies and measurement at the frequencies of the combined alternating field formed by the interaction of the first and second fields determines the hydride content in the substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the thickness of at least one layer superimposed on a substrate, at least one of the layers or the substrate being a conductor of electricity. The method includes the steps of generating an electromagnetic alternating field in the vicinity of the outer most layer with a coil in order to cause any currents to be generated in the conductor which act upon the alternating field. The frequency of the alternating field is adjusted to at least two different frequencies and is measured at these frequencies. The thickness of the layers is then determined based on the measurements and the electromagnetic properties of the substrate and the layers.