Abstract: A switch arrangement comprising: a bi-directional metal-oxide-semiconductor, MOS, switch having a drain, source and gate and a body; a first circuit coupled between the drain, the gate and the source for providing electrostatic discharge protection; a first transistor having a source coupled to the body of the MOS switch, a drain coupled to the source of the MOS switch and a gate coupled to the gate of the MOS switch; and a second circuit for providing electrostatic discharge protection comprising a first diode of Zener diode type having an anode coupled to the body of the MOS switch and a cathode coupled to the source, and a second transistor having a source coupled to the body of the MOS switch, a drain coupled to the source of the MOS switch and a gate coupled to the anode of the first diode.

Abstract: A process for purifying a gaseous feed stream of natural gas including methane, CO2 and heavy hydrocarbons including step a): cooling the gaseous feed stream in a heat exchanger; step b): introducing the cooled stream into a phase-separating chamber to produce a liquid stream depleted in methane and enriched in heavy hydrocarbons and a gaseous stream; step c): separating the gaseous stream obtained from step b) in a first membrane producing at least one CO2-enriched permeate stream and a residual stream enriched in methane; step d): introducing the residual stream obtained from step c) into a phase-separator to produce a liquid stream and a gaseous stream; step e): heating the gaseous stream obtained from step d) by introducing it into the heat exchanger used in step a) counter-currentwise with the feed stream thereby producing a gaseous stream depleted in CO2 and enriched in methane.

Abstract: Natural gas liquefaction process in combination with a synthesis gas production process, where the steam derived from the synthesis gas production process is used as a heating source for the implementation of the pre-treatment step for eliminating the impurities liable to freeze during the natural gas liquefaction process.

Abstract: A process for purifying a feed gas including methane and heavy hydrocarbons, including: step a): cooling the feed gas in a heat exchanger; step b): introducing the resulting into a first phase separator to produce a liquid stream depleted in methane and enriched in heavy hydrocarbons and a gas stream; step c): separating the gas stream in a membrane from which a methane-enriched permeate stream and a partially condensed residue stream exit; step d): introducing the residue stream from step c) into a second phase separator vessel in order to produce a liquid stream and a gas stream; step e): introducing at least one portion of the gas stream resulting from step d) into a JT expansion means; and step f): heating at least one portion of the expanded stream in the heat exchanger used in step a) counter-current to the feed stream in order to cool the latter.

Abstract: A natural gas liquefaction process combined with a synthesis gas production process. At least one part of the heat source required in the synthesis gas production process is provided by at least a portion of the regeneration stream utilized to pretreat the natural gas to be liquefied.

Abstract: A process for purifying a natural gas feed gas stream including methane and hydrocarbons, including step a): cooling the feed gas stream; step b): introducing the cooled stream into a first phase separator vessel in order to produce a liquid stream and a gas stream; step c): separating the gas stream resulting from step b) in a membrane unit from which a methane-enriched permeate stream and one partially condensed residue stream enriched in hydrocarbons exit; step d): introducing the residue stream resulting from step c) into a second phase separator vessel to produce a liquid stream and a gas stream; step e): introducing at least one portion of the liquid stream resulting from step d) into a JT expansion means; step f): heating at least one portion of the expanded by introduction into the heat exchanger used in step a) counter-current to the feed stream.

Abstract: A process for purifying a gaseous feed stream of natural gas including methane, CO2 and heavy hydrocarbons including step a): cooling the gaseous feed stream in a heat exchanger; step b): introducing the cooled stream into a phase-separating chamber to produce a liquid stream depleted in methane and enriched in heavy hydrocarbons and a gaseous stream; step c): separating the gaseous stream obtained from step b) in a first membrane producing at least one CO2-enriched permeate stream and a residual stream enriched in methane; step d): introducing the residual stream obtained from step c) into a phase-separator to produce a liquid stream and a gaseous stream; step e): heating the gaseous stream obtained from step d) by introducing it into the heat exchanger used in step a) counter-currentwise with the feed stream thereby producing a gaseous stream depleted in CO2 and enriched in methane.

Abstract: A synthesis gas production process combined with a natural gas liquefaction process. At least one part of the heat source required in the synthesis gas production is provided by at least one portion of a stream enriched in hydrocarbons with more than two carbon atoms, extracted during the liquefaction of the natural gas.

Abstract: A method of separating hydrocarbons containing three or more carbon atoms from an off-gas stream is provided. This method includes separating a light ends stream from a fractionator, thereby producing a stream rich in hydrocarbons containing three or more carbon atoms, and a stream lean in hydrocarbons containing three or more carbon atoms, separating the stream lean in hydrocarbons containing three or more carbon atoms in a membrane unit, thereby producing a permeate stream enriched in hydrocarbons containing three or more carbon atoms and a retentate stream, and separating the stream rich in hydrocarbons containing three or more carbon atoms in one or more separation columns, thereby producing one or more streams selected from the group consisting of a propylene stream, a propane stream, a butane stream, a light cat naptha stream, and a heavy cat naptha stream.

Abstract: A process for purifying a feed gas including methane and heavy hydrocarbons, including: step a): cooling the feed gas in a heat exchanger; step b): introducing the resulting into a first phase separator to produce a liquid stream depleted in methane and enriched in heavy hydrocarbons and a gas stream; step c): separating the gas stream in a membrane from which a methane-enriched permeate stream and a partially condensed residue stream exit; step d): introducing the residue stream from step c) into a second phase separator vessel in order to produce a liquid stream and a gas stream; step e): introducing at least one portion of the gas stream resulting from step d) into a JT expansion means; and step f): heating at least one portion of the expanded stream in the heat exchanger used in step a) counter-current to the feed stream in order to cool the latter.

Abstract: A process for purifying a natural gas feed gas stream including methane and hydrocarbons, including step a): cooling the feed gas stream; step b): introducing the cooled stream into a first phase separator vessel in order to produce a liquid stream and a gas stream; step c): separating the gas stream resulting from step b) in a membrane unit from which a methane-enriched permeate stream and one partially condensed residue stream enriched in hydrocarbons exit; step d): introducing the residue stream resulting from step c) into a second phase separator vessel to produce a liquid stream and a gas stream; step e): introducing at least one portion of the liquid stream resulting from step d) into a JT expansion means; step f): heating at least one portion of the expanded by introduction into the heat exchanger used in step a) counter-current to the feed stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for cryogenic separation of a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen, including a stripping column and a denitrogenation column, a pipe for sending the mixture in liquid form to the head of the stripping column, a pipe for removing a liquid depleted of hydrogen connected to the stripping column, a pipe for removing a gas enriched with hydrogen from the stripping column, means for sending the liquid depleted of hydrogen or a fluid derived from said liquid to the denitrogenation column, a pipe for drawing a liquid enriched with carbon monoxide from the denitrogenation column, a pipe for drawing a gas enriched with nitrogen from the head of the denitrogenation column and means for sending at least one portion of the gas enriched with hydrogen to the denitrogenation column.

Abstract: Natural gas liquefaction process in combination with a synthesis gas production process, where the steam derived from the synthesis gas production process is used as a heating source for the implementation of the pre-treatment step for eliminating the impurities liable to freeze during the natural gas liquefaction process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating a mixture in order to separate carbon dioxide and hydrogen from said mixture, in which: i) the mixture is cooled and partially condensed and a first liquid is separated from the rest of the mixture in a first phase separator; ii) a gas from or derived from a gas from the first phase separator is treated in a hydrogen pressure swing adsorption module in order to produce a hydrogen-rich gas and a hydrogen-depleted residual gas; and iii) said hydrogen-depleted residual gas or a gas derived from said depleted gas is cooled and partially condensed and a second liquid is separated from the remaining gas in a second phase separator, separate from the first phase separator, wherein the first and/or second liquid being rich in carbon dioxide. The invention also relates to an installation for implementing such a method.

Abstract: In a process for the cryogenic separation of a feed mixture of at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane, the feed mixture is separated in a methane wash column fed by a liquid methane stream at the top of the methane wash column to produce a gas enriched in hydrogen, a liquid stream from the bottom of the methane wash column is treated to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and methane, the mixture of carbon monoxide and methane is separated in a separation column to produce a gas enriched in carbon monoxide and a liquid methane flow at least part of which forms a purge stream, the purge stream being varied to take account of load variations.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method fro treating a mixture in order to separate carbon dioxide and hydrogen from said mixture, in which: i) the mixture is cooled and partially condensed and a first liquid is separated from the rest of the mixture in a first phase separator; ii) a gas from or derived from a gas from the first phase separator is treated in a hydrogen pressure swing adsorption module in order to produce a hydrogen-rich gas and a hydrogen-depleted residual gas; and iii) said hydrogen-depleted residual gas or a gas derived from said depleted gas is cooled and partially condensed and a second liquid is separated from the remaining gas in a second phase separator, separate from the first phase separator, wherein the first and/or second liquid being rich in carbon dioxide. The invention also relates to an installation for implementing such a method.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for cryogenic separation of a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen, including a stripping column and a denitrogenation column, a pipe for sending the mixture in liquid form to the head of the stripping column, a pipe for removing a liquid depleted of hydrogen connected to the stripping column, a pipe for removing a gas enriched with hydrogen from the stripping column, means for sending the liquid depleted of hydrogen or a fluid derived from said liquid to the denitrogenation column, a pipe for drawing a liquid enriched with carbon monoxide from the denitrogenation column, a pipe for drawing a gas enriched with nitrogen from the head of the denitrogenation column and means for sending at least one portion of the gas enriched with hydrogen to the denitrogenation column.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for producing synthesis gas by steam reforming a hydrocarbon load in a reforming furnace provided with a combustion chamber and a convection chamber; the combustion chamber includes vertical tubes filled with catalyst wherein a mixture of hydrocarbons and steam circulates from top to bottom recovering raw synthesis gas at the bottom of the tubes, and burners disposed in rows heat the tubes; the convection chamber discharges fumes containing the gases produced by the combustion. The process also comprises steps of using the heat contained in the fumes for preheating and/or heating various fluids related or unrelated to the process. In the event of the reduction of the mass flow of fumes, the quantity of energy to be transferred into the convection area is maintained by supplying a supplementary gaseous flow to the combustion area.

Abstract: This present invention provides a method to more efficiently recover hydrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 80% and most preferably at least 90% of the carbon dioxide. The proposed use combines hydrogen selective membranes and carbon dioxide selective membranes together with carbon dioxide separation units such that hydrogen and carbon dioxide are produced with increased recoveries and improved process efficiency.

Abstract: In a process for the cryogenic separation of a feed mixture of at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane, the feed mixture is separated in a methane wash column fed by a liquid methane stream at the top of the methane wash column to produce a gas enriched in hydrogen, a liquid stream from the bottom of the methane wash column is treated to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and methane, the mixture of carbon monoxide and methane is separated in a separation column to produce a gas enriched in carbon monoxide and a liquid methane flow at least part of which forms a purge stream, the purge stream being varied to take account of load variations.