Abstract: In a method for coding information using a coding scheme, a horizontal code is selected. Additionally, a matrix is selected. Encoding information symbols into an array based upon the selected horizontal code is performed. Moreover, encoding the columns of the array based upon the selected matrix is performed.

Abstract: A method for rewriting a memory array with a number of memory elements includes performing a rewrite process to change the memory array from an initial state to a target state in a manner that avoids violating a set of weight constraints at any time during the rewrite process. A memory system includes a memory array and a memory controller configured to perform a rewrite process to change the memory array from an initial state to a target state in a manner that avoids violating a set of weight constraints at any time during the rewrite process.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is directed to an electronic memory comprising a memory element and control logic that determines a data state of the memory element by: measuring a physical characteristic of the memory element to obtain a measured value corresponding to the data state, measuring the physical characteristic of the memory element, after setting the memory element to a first known data state, to obtain a first calibration value, comparing the measured value corresponding to the data state with the first calibration value to determine the data state; and determining a reliability metric for the determined data state.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is directed to an electronic memory (102) comprising a memory element (104) and control logic that determines a data state of the memory element by: measuring (702) a physical characteristic of the memory element to obtain a measured value corresponding to the data state, measuring (708) the physical characteristic of the memory element, after setting (706) the memory element to a first known data state, to obtain a first calibration value, comparing the measured value corresponding to the data state with the first calibration value to determine the data state (714); and determining a reliability metric (716) for the determined data state.

Abstract: A method for rewriting a memory array (408) with a number of memory elements (206) includes performing a rewrite process to change the memory array (408) from an initial state to a target state in a manner that avoids violating to a set of weight constraints at any time during the rewrite process. A memory system includes a memory array (408) and a memory controller (104) configured to perform a rewrite process to change the memory array (408) from an initial state to a target state in a manner that avoids violating a set of weight constraints at any time during the rewrite process.

Abstract: A decoder is operable to decode data transmitted on a noisy communication channel. The decoder includes a memory storing bits of encoded data received over the communication channel. The decoder also includes a processor estimating a transmitted codeword from the received bits. The processor is operable to determine a linear program (LP) for decoding the received data, wherein the linear program includes a cost function. A solution to the LP is calculated using a coordinate-ascent method that varies multiple variables associated with the cost function in one iteration. A transmitted codeword is estimated from the received encoded data using the solution to the LP.