Abstract: In one embodiment, a device determines a comprehension level for a portion of text associated with an online conversation, based in part on a topic of the portion of text. The device makes a comparison between the comprehension level for the portion of text with a comprehension level of a participant of the online conversation. The device generates adjusted text based on the portion of text, wherein the adjusted text has a comprehension level that is equal to or lower than that of the participant. The device provides the adjusted text for display to the participant.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a device receives a video stream. One or more frames of the video stream include embedded metadata that is embedded directly into the one or more frames. The device extracts the embedded metadata from the one or more frames. The device makes an authentication determination regarding the video stream, based on whether the embedded metadata includes a digital signature associated with a sender of the video stream. The device controls, based on the authentication determination, presentation of the video stream to a recipient user.