Abstract: According to an example, a system for managing a fluid condition in a pipe includes a controller to receive temperatures of the pipe detected by the temperature sensor over a period of time. The controller may determine, based upon the temperatures of the pipe over the period of time, a temperature profile of the pipe and may determine that the temperature profile of the pipe indicates that a freezing onset event has occurred. The freezing onset event may include a transition from a drop in temperature to an increase in temperature, in which the temperature during the transition is below a freezing point temperature of a fluid contained in the pipe. The controller may further trigger at least one of an alarm and an activation of a first freezing prevention device in response to the determination that the freezing onset event has occurred.

Abstract: Controlling dimensions of nanowires includes lithographically forming a trench in a layer of a polymer resin with a width less than one micrometer where the polymer resin has a thickness less than one micrometer and is deposited over an electrically conductive substrate, depositing a nanowire material within the trench to form a nanowire, and obtaining the nanowire from the trench with a removal mechanism.

Abstract: Controlling dimensions of nanowires includes lithographically forming a trench in a layer of a polymer resin with a width less than one micrometer where the polymer resin has a thickness less than one micrometer and is deposited over an electrically conductive substrate, depositing a nanowire material within the trench to form a nanowire, and obtaining the nanowire from the trench with a removal mechanism.