Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining if a patient is likely to benefit from a cancer treatment, by determining if said patient has a gut dysbiosis with an over representation of certain bacterial species. The present invention also provides probiotic strains to improve the efficacy of a cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy, in patients in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a fecal 5 micro biota sample of a donor subject. Said method includes the following steps: a) collecting at least one fecal microbiota sample from the donor subject; b) within a period of less than 5 minutes after collecting the sample, placing said sample obtained in step a) in an oxygen-tight collection device; c) mixing the sample obtained in step b) with at least one aqueous saline IO solution containing at least one cryoprotectant and/or a filling agent; d) optionally, filtering the mixture obtained in step c), in particular by means of a filter comprising pores having a diameter of less than or equal to 0.7 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 mm; and e) storing the mixture obtained in step c) or d) by freezing said mixture at a temperature 15 of between ?15° C. and ?100° C. Steps b) to e) are carried out in anaerobiosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a fecal 5 microbiota sample of a donor subject. Said method includes the following steps: a) collecting at least one fecal microbiota sample from the donor subject; b) within a period of less than 5 minutes after collecting the sample, placing said sample obtained in step a) in an oxygen-tight collection device; c) mixing the sample obtained in step b) with at least one aqueous saline 10 solution containing at least one cryoprotectant and/or a filling agent; d) optionally, filtering the mixture obtained in step c), in particular by means of a filter comprising pores having a diameter of less than or equal to 0.7 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 mm; and e) storing the mixture obtained in step c) or d) by freezing said mixture at a temperature 15 of between ?15° C. and ?100° C. Steps b) to e) are carried out in anaerobiosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for predicting the risk of developing pulmonary colonization/infection by P. aeruginosa. The inventors analyzed the respiratory tract microbiota from 65 patients sputum samples and compared microbiota data. The inventors found that patients that will remain uninfected from P. aeruginosa exhibited 3-fold higher abundance of Porphyromonas catoniae compared to the other groups. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for predicting the risk of developing pulmonary colonization/infection by P. aeruginosa in a subject suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) comprising measuring the abundance of Porphyromonas catoniae in a biological sample obtained from said subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining if a patient is likely to benefit from a cancer treatment, by determining if said patient has a gut dysbiosis with an over representation of certain bacterial species. The present invention also provides probiotic strains to improve the efficacy of a cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy, in patients in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for predicting the risk of developing pulmonary colonization/infection by P. aeruginosa. The inventors analyzed the respiratory tract microbiota from 65 patients sputum samples and compared microbiota data. The inventors found that patients that will remain uninfected from P. aeruginosa exhibited 3-fold higher abundance of Porphyromonas compared to the other groups. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for predicting the risk of developing pulmonary colonization/infection by P. aeruginosa in a subject suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) comprising measuring the abundance of Porphyromonas genus bacteria in a biological sample obtained from said subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining if a patient is likely to benefit from a cancer treatment, by determining if said patient has a gut dysbiosis with an over representation of certain bacterial species. The present invention also provides probiotic strains to improve the efficacy of a cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy, in patients in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the role of the microbiota in the efficacy of cancer treatments with a drug blocking an. immune checkpoint and provides methods and probiotics to improve the efficacy of such a treatment in patients in need thereof. More particularly, the invention pertains to the use of vancomycin or penicillin to modulate the gut microbiota to potentiate the anticancer effects of anti-CTLA4 molecules. B. fragilis or fecal microbial transplantation of a defined composition enriched in immunogenic Bacteroides spp. can also be used as a probiotic to that aim.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a fecal 5 microbiota sample of a donor subject. Said method includes the following steps: a) collecting at least one fecal microbiota sample from the donor subject; b) within a period of less than 5 minutes after collecting the sample, placing said sample obtained in step a) in an oxygen-tight collection device; c) mixing the sample obtained in step b) with at least one aqueous saline 10 solution containing at least one cryoprotectant and/or a filling agent; d) optionally, filtering the mixture obtained in step c), in particular by means of a filter comprising pores having a diameter of less than or equal to 0.7 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 mm; and e) storing the mixture obtained in step c) or d) by freezing said mixture at a temperature 15 of between ?15° C. and ?100° C. Steps b) to e) are carried out in anaerobiosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining if a patient is likely to benefit from a cancer treatment, by determining if said patient has a gut dysbiosis with an over representation of certain bacterial species. The present invention also provides probiotic strains to improve the efficacy of a cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy, in patients in need thereof.