Abstract: A portable joint testing device that generates reproducible measurements of rotation about all three axes with load-bearing activities includes a first position sensor mounted on a first bone proximate the joint for transmitting first position data; a second position sensor mounted on the second bone proximate the first joint for transmitting second position data; and at least one force sensor mounted on the second bone for quantifying forces applied to the second bone and for transmitting force data. A controller collects the force data and the first and second position data, and transmits or generates a laxity envelope for varus/valgus and/or internal/external rotation of the first bone relative to the second bone or vice versa.

Abstract: A Smart Knee Fixture (SKF) is a system comprising sensors, exciters and computation and command controllers that instrument the characterization of anatomical knee balance. Specifically the instrumentation allows the measurement of the relationship between varus-valgus angular response and a measured side force moment.