Abstract: Described herein is a detector for identifying at least one material property m. The detector includes at least one sensor element including a matrix of optical sensors, the optical sensors each having a light-sensitive area. The sensor element is configured for recording at least one reflection image of a light beam originating from at least one object. The detector includes at least one evaluation device configured for determining the material property by evaluation of at least one beam profile of the reflection image.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for calibrating a detector including at least one camera and at least one projector. The projector is configured for illuminating at least one target with at least one predefined illumination pattern including a plurality of illumination features. The camera has at least one sensor element having a matrix of optical sensors, the optical sensors each having a light-sensitive area, where each optical sensor is designed to generate at least one sensor signal in response to an illumination of its respective light-sensitive area by a light beam propagating from the target to the camera. The target includes at least one first target and at least one second target. The first target and the second target have a predefined fixed relative distance. The target is positioned at a pre-defined distance from the detector.

Abstract: An additive suited to use in combination with heat transfer media comprises a chemically stabilized nano-particle size powder. Suitable powders include those of copper, beryllium, titanium, nickel, iron, alloys or blends thereof, and carbon. The surface of the powder is modified by surface complexation or physical adsorption with a chemical agent. The additive, when mixed with a heat transfer medium, forms a colloidal dispersion which exhibits enhanced heat transfer capacity and thermal conductivity, stable chemical composition, faster heat transfer rates, dispersion maintenance which are beneficial to most heat transfer systems.