Abstract: A method is provided. The method, comprises: power amplifying, with at least two parallel power amplifiers, at least two pre-distorted signals each corresponding to a unique transmit band, wherein each power amplifier operates in a unique transmit band; and pre-distorting, with a single pre-distortion system, at least two signals in different transmit bands, where the pre-distortion of each of the at least two signals is based upon a portion of a corresponding power amplified, pre-distorted signal, and where the pre-distortion diminishes certain IMD products in the corresponding power amplified, pre-distorted signal.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to a master unit for a distributed antenna system (DAS). The master unit comprises one or more donor cards and one or more transport cards, and at least one passive backplane. Each passive backplane comprises a plurality of backplane connectors. Each backplane connector is configured to connect a respective donor card or transport card to the passive backplane. Each backplane connector is connected to each of the other connectors via one or more respective passive bi-directional backplane channels. The master unit is configured so that all active processing of streams of digital samples transported via the DAS is performed by the donor cards and transport cards and not the passive backplane.

Abstract: A technique to characterize moisture in a dielectric layer of a printed circuit board is provided. A method comprises applying a test signal to test circuitry comprising a test capacitor that is formed with the dielectric layer of the printed circuit board; measuring at least one characteristic of a least one of signal transmission and signal reflection from the test circuitry; and determining, from the at least one measured characteristic, at least one parameter value indicative of moisture content in the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method of tuning a production module using a reference module with virtual gain correction is provided. The method includes selecting a counterpart reference module created for a select application. The production module is commutatively coupled to the selected counterpart reference module to generate a production module pair. A production module gain curve for the production module pair is measured for each frequency band to be used by the production module. The production module is tuned based at least in part on offset gain values at select number of frequency observation points for each frequency band associated with the counterpart reference module and gain values at the select number of frequency observation points of the measured production module gain curve for each frequency band.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method, comprises: power amplifying, with at least two parallel power amplifiers, at least two pre-distorted signals each corresponding to a unique transmit band, wherein each power amplifier operates in a unique transmit band; and pre-distorting, with a single pre-distortion system, at least two signals in different transmit bands, where the pre-distortion of each of the at least two signals is based upon a portion of a corresponding power amplified, pre-distorted signal, and where the pre-distortion diminishes certain IMD products in the corresponding power amplified, pre-distorted signal.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to more accurately determine reflected power, reflection coefficient, and/or voltage standing wave to permit prompt protection of components such as power amplifiers and notify communication system operators. This is accomplished by more accurately determining an amplitude and phase of an output reflected signal at an output port of a bidirectional coupler as a function of the following: an amplitude and a phase of a coupled forward signal coupled into a forward coupled port of the bidirectional coupler; an amplitude and a phase of a coupled reverse signal coupled into a reverse coupled port of the bidirectional coupler; an electrical transmission parameter from an input port of the bidirectional coupler to the forward coupled port; an electrical transmission parameter from the input port to the reverse coupled port; and an electrical transmission parameter from an output port of the bidirectional coupler to the reverse coupled port.

Abstract: A sequenced transmit muting wideband power amplifier is provided that includes at least one pre-driver stage having at least a first pre-driver and a second pre-driver. A mute switch selectively establishes a communication path between the first and second pre-drivers or couples the second pre-driver to a termination resistor. A pre-driver switch selectively activates/deactivates the first and second pre-drivers. A driver stage is in communication with the pre-driver stage and includes a first driver. A final amplifier stage is in communication with the driver stage and includes at least one second driver. At least one S-NBS switch is configured to selectively activate/deactivate the first driver and second driver. A controller is configured to activate the at least one pre-driver switch, the mute switch, the at least one S-NBS switch to selectively place the amplifier in one of a transmit mode and a mute mode.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method, comprises: power amplifying, with at least two parallel power amplifiers, at least two pre-distorted signals each corresponding to a unique transmit band, wherein each power amplifier operates in a unique transmit band; and pre-distorting, with a single pre-distortion system, at least two signals in different transmit bands, where the pre-distortion of each of the at least two signals is based upon a portion of a corresponding power amplified, pre-distorted signal, and where the pre-distortion diminishes certain IMD products in the corresponding power amplified, pre-distorted signal.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method, comprises: power amplifying, with at least two parallel power amplifiers, at least two pre-distorted signals each corresponding to a unique transmit band, wherein each power amplifier operates in a unique transmit band; and pre-distorting, with a single pre-distortion system, at least two signals in different transmit bands, where the pre-distortion of each of the at least two signals is based upon a portion of a corresponding power amplified, pre-distorted signal, and where the pre-distortion diminishes certain IMD products in the corresponding power amplified, pre-distorted signal.

Abstract: A spray nozzle having a nozzle housing, at least one swirl chamber which is disposed in the nozzle housing, and at least one exit opening, wherein the exit opening is disposed at the end of an exit duct which emanates from the swirl chamber and widens in the direction towards the exit opening, wherein a constriction is disposed at the transition from the swirl chamber to the exit duct, and wherein the angle of the wall steadily increases in the direction towards the exit opening or in portions remains identical, in which an angle of the wall of the exit duct at the exit opening, when viewed in the circumferential direction of the exit opening, is not constant.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electromagnetically operable high-pressure gas valve, which is embodied as a pilot valve with a pilot seat and a pilot opening and a main seat with a main opening, with the pilot opening connecting a high-pressure side with a low-pressure side of the valve and it being possible to close it via a main sealing element, the main opening connecting the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side of the valve and it being possible to close it by a main sealing element, and the valve comprising a pilot anchor which acts upon the pilot sealing element, and comprising a main anchor, which acts upon the main sealing element, with the valve comprising a coil that is suitably embodied and arranged to act upon the pilot anchor and the main anchor such that a pilot stroke and a main stroke are independent from each other.

Abstract: A spray nozzle having a nozzle housing, at least one swirl chamber which is disposed in the nozzle housing, and at least one exit opening, wherein the exit opening is disposed at the end of an exit duct which emanates from the swirl chamber and widens in the direction towards the exit opening, wherein a constriction is disposed at the transition from the swirl chamber to the exit duct, and wherein the angle of the wall steadily increases in the direction towards the exit opening or in portions remains identical, in which an angle of the wall of the exit duct at the exit opening, when viewed in the circumferential direction of the exit opening, is not constant.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electromagnetically operable high-pressure gas valve, which is embodied as a pilot valve with a pilot seat and a pilot opening and a main seat with a main opening, with the pilot opening connecting a high-pressure side with a low-pressure side of the valve and it being possible to close it via a main sealing element, the main opening connecting the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side of the valve and it being possible to close it by a main sealing element, and the valve comprising a pilot anchor which acts upon the pilot sealing element, and comprising a main anchor, which acts upon the main sealing element, with the valve comprising a coil that is suitably embodied and arranged to act upon the pilot anchor and the main anchor such that a pilot stroke and a main stroke are independent from each other.

Abstract: A percussion primer composition including at least one explosive, at least fuel particle having a particle size of about 1500 nm or less, at least one oxidizer, optionally at least one sensitizer, optionally at least one buffer, and to methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: A percussion primer composition including at least one explosive, at least one nano-coated fuel particle having natural surface oxides thereon, at least one oxidizer, optionally at least one sensitizer, optionally at least one buffer, and to methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: A percussion primer composition including at least one explosive, at least one nano-coated fuel particle having natural surface oxides thereon, at least one oxidizer, optionally at least one sensitizer, optionally at least one buffer, and to methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: A percussion primer composition including at least one explosive, at least fuel particle having a particle size of about 1500 nm or less, at least one oxidizer, optionally at least one sensitizer, optionally at least one buffer, and to methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: A percussion primer composition including at least one explosive, at least one nano-size non-coated fuel particle having natural surface oxides thereon, at least one oxidizer, optionally at least one sensitizer, optionally at least one buffer, and to methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: A percussion primer composition including at least one explosive, at least fuel particle having a particle size of about 1500 nm or less, at least one oxidizer, optionally at least one sensitizer, optionally at least one buffer, and to methods of preparing the same.

Abstract: A carrier apparatus is provided that includes a body and a fastener configured to affix the body to a product. The body includes a radio frequency (RF) transponder tag, or marker for directing inclusion of an RF transponder tag, at a designated location on the body. The apparatus of this aspect further includes a positioning feature configured to position the body, RF transponder tag and affixed product relative to an RF antenna separate from the RF transponder tag. This positioning feature may be configured to position the body, RF transponder tag and affixed product in a manner ensuring approximately at least a predetermined spatial relationship between the RF transponder tag and the antenna or one or more other RF transponder tags located proximate the RF transponder tag. A carriage apparatus and method of storing a product are also provided.