Abstract: There is provided a method of detecting a fault in a breathing system. The method comprises the steps of (a) taking a series of measurements of a first parameter of the breathing system; and (b) setting a fault boundary for the first parameter, the fault boundary being dependent on a plurality of the measurements of the first parameter. The method further includes at least one update procedure comprising the steps of (c) taking one or more further measurements of the first parameter; and (d) updating the fault boundary, the updated fault boundary being dependent on an updated set of measurements of the first parameter, the updated set of measurements of the first parameter including at least one of the further measurements of the first parameter.

Abstract: A method of applying precious and semi-precious metals to cigars such that the draw and ignitability of the cigar remains unaffected by the application. An embodiment of the present invention includes a composition and method of applying edible gold leaf to the external surface or wrapper of a cigar or rolled tobacco product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of chlorine dioxide, said process comprising the steps of continuously: (a) feeding to a reactor an acid, alkali metal chlorate and a reducing agent; (b) reacting the alkali metal chlorate with the acid and the reducing agent to form a product stream comprising chlorine dioxide and alkali metal salt of the acid; (c) bringing the product stream from the reactor to an eductor and mixing it with motive fluid fed to the eductor and thereby forming a diluted product stream; (d) bringing the diluted product stream to a gas-liquid separator where gas is separated from liquid therein; (e) withdrawing a gaseous product stream comprising chlorine dioxide and inert gas from said gas-liquid separator; and, (f) withdrawing a liquid phase from the gas-liquid separator. The invention also relates to a production unit to produce chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous process for producing chlorine dioxide comprising the steps of continuously: a) feeding to a reactor (1) an acid, hydrogen peroxide and alkali metal chlorate; b) reacting the alkali metal chlorate with the acid and the hydrogen peroxide to form a product stream (2) containing chlorine dioxide, oxygen and alkali metal salt of the acid, c) bringing the product stream from the reactor to an eductor (3) and mixing it with motive water fed to the eductor and thereby forming a diluted product stream; d) removing oxygen from the diluted product stream; e) withdrawing part of the diluted product stream (9), before, during or after the step of removing oxygen; f) adding water (11) to the non-withdrawn part of the diluted product stream to form a recycle stream (12); and, g) bringing the recycle stream (12) to the eductor and feeding it thereto as motive water (4).

Abstract: The process according to the present invention relates to the treatment of wastewater discharged from a bleach plant and more particularly treatment of bleach plant alkaline wash filtrate from treatment-steps and/or delignification/bleaching-steps of pulp. Further improvements of known processes are needed for solving the problems associated with the recovery of alkaline filtrates into the chemical recovery system. According to the process of the present invention, alkaline wash filtrate from treatment-steps and/or delignification/bleaching-steps of pulp is treated in a process by the following steps: i) treating at least a part of the alkaline filtrate in order to produce an alkaline concentrate enriched in high molecular weight dissolved organic compounds and a stream depleted in organic compounds, where the share of the alkaline concentrate to the total amount of the alkaline filtrate corresponds to a volume reduction factor (VRP) in the range of from about 2.0 up to about 7.