Abstract: Various embodiments provide an electrosurgical instrument comprising: a flexible coaxial transmission line arranged to convey microwave energy; a radiating tip portion connected at a distal end of the flexible coaxial transmission line and configured to receive the microwave energy, the radiating tip portion comprising: a distal coaxial transmission line for conveying the microwave energy; and a needle tip mounted at a distal end of the distal coaxial transmission line, the needle tip being arranged to deliver the microwave energy into biological tissue; and a heat sink mounted at an interface between the flexible coaxial transmission line and radiating tip portion. The heat sink is in thermal communication with a proximal end of the distal coaxial transmission line and configured to draw thermal energy from the radiating tip portion. Also, a maximum outer diameter of the radiating tip portion is smaller than an outer diameter of the flexible coaxial transmission line.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument with a radiating tip portion having a relative permeability and/or relative permittivity that is selected to provide an electrical length for the radiating tip portion that enables effective delivery into biological tissue of microwave EM energy supplied thereto, at two or more frequencies of choice. The instrument has a radiating tip portion disposed to receive microwave EM energy from a coaxial cable, the radiating tip portion having a first effective relative permeability at a first frequency and a second effective relative permeability at a second frequency.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument capable of supporting resonance of microwave energy at multiple frequencies. The instrument comprises a coaxial cable and a radiating distal tip portion arranged to receive microwave energy from the coaxial cable. The radiating tip portion consists of a dielectric material having an electrical length selected in conjunction with its dielectric properties at three or more frequencies of microwave energy to support resonance at each frequency. By providing a single device that can effectively couple microwave energy into biological tissue at three or more frequencies, tissue ablation can be performed rapidly with accuracy. The instrument may be used in an apparatus that includes a generator arranged to supply microwave energy at three or more different frequencies.

Abstract: An electrosurgical forceps instrument in which an energy conveying structure for efficiently transferring electromagnetic energy (e.g. microwave energy and/or radiofrequency energy) from a coaxial cable to electrodes on the forceps jaws is incorporated into a compact jaw opening structure. The jaw opening structure may be dimensioned to be suitable for insertion down the instrument channel of a endoscope or other scoping device. Alternatively, the device may be configured as a laparoscopic device or be used in open procedures. The instrument may be used as a tool to perform new minimally invasive surgical techniques such as Natural Orifice Transluminal Endosurgery (NOTES) or the like.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument for delivering microwave energy having a predetermined frequency into biological tissue in contact with the instrument, wherein the instrument comprises a first coaxial transmission line having a second coaxial transmission line connected to the distal end thereof, the second coaxial transmission line having a length and a characteristic impedance that are configured to match the impedance of the first coaxial transmission line to the load impedance at the distal end of the distal coaxial transmission line when the instrument is in contact with the tissue, at the operating frequency.

Abstract: Electrical instrument for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, comprising: a distal part comprising an instrument tip for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, the instrument tip comprising first and second conductive elements; a coaxial feed cable comprising an inner conductor, a tubular outer conductor coaxial with the inner conductor, and dielectric material separating the inner and outer conductors, the coaxial feed cable being for conveying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to the distal part; wherein: the inner conductor is electrically connected to the first conductive element and the outer conductor is electrically connected to the second conductive element through a rotatable connection between the distal part and the coaxial feed cable that allows rotation of the distal part relative to the coaxial feed cable; and the instrument comprises an actuator for rotating the distal part in a first rotational direction relative to

Abstract: Electrical instrument for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, comprising: a distal part comprising an instrument tip for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, the instrument tip comprising first and second conductive elements; a coaxial feed cable comprising an inner conductor, a tubular outer conductor coaxial with the inner conductor, and dielectric material separating the inner and outer conductors, the coaxial feed cable being for conveying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to the distal part; wherein: the inner conductor is electrically connected to the first conductive element and the outer conductor is electrically connected to the second conductive element through a rotatable connection between the distal part and the coaxial feed cable that allows rotation of the distal part relative to the coaxial feed cable; and the instrument comprises an actuator for rotating the distal part in a first rotational direction relative to

Abstract: Electrical instrument for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, comprising: a distal part comprising an instrument tip for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, the instrument tip comprising first and second conductive elements; a coaxial feed cable comprising an inner conductor, a tubular outer conductor coaxial with the inner conductor, and dielectric material separating the inner and outer conductors, the coaxial feed cable being for conveying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to the distal part; wherein: the inner conductor is electrically connected to the first conductive element and the outer conductor is electrically connected to the second conductive element through a rotatable connection between the distal part and the coaxial feed cable that allows rotation of the distal part relative to the coaxial feed cable; and the instrument comprises an actuator for rotating the distal part in a first rotational direction relative to

Abstract: Electrical instrument for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, comprising: a distal part comprising an instrument tip for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, the instrument tip comprising first and second conductive elements; a coaxial feed cable comprising an inner conductor, a tubular outer conductor coaxial with the inner conductor, and dielectric material separating the inner and outer conductors, the coaxial feed cable being for conveying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to the distal part; wherein: the inner conductor is electrically connected to the first conductive element and the outer conductor is electrically connected to the second conductive element through a rotatable connection between the distal part and the coaxial feed cable that allows rotation of the distal part relative to the coaxial feed cable; and the instrument comprises an actuator for rotating the distal part in a first rotational direction relative to

Abstract: Electrical instrument for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, comprising: a distal part comprising an instrument tip for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, the instrument tip comprising first and second conductive elements; a coaxial feed cable comprising an inner conductor, a tubular outer conductor coaxial with the inner conductor, and dielectric material separating the inner and outer conductors, the coaxial feed cable being for conveying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to the distal part; wherein: the inner conductor is electrically connected to the first conductive element and the outer conductor is electrically connected to the second conductive element through a rotatable connection between the distal part and the coaxial feed cable that allows rotation of the distal part relative to the coaxial feed cable; and the instrument comprises an actuator for rotating the distal part in a first rotational direction relative to

Abstract: An electrosurgical cutting tool comprising a pair of pivotable blades that are mechanically operable as scissors or pliers. The blades have electrodes capable of delivery RF and/or microwave energy to cut or coagulate tissue between them. The tool combines the actuation and energy delivery mechanisms in a compact arrangement that enables the tool to be inserted through an instrument channel of a surgical scoping device, such as an endoscope, gastroscope or laparoscope. Each blade may comprise a planar body made of dielectric material that separates a first conductive element from a second conductive element. The blades may rotate relative to each other in the plane of the blades.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument for delivering radiofrequency (RF) and/or microwave energy into biological tissue that is also configured to obtain images of a treatment site performing invasive electrosurgery. In one aspect, the invention provides a chip-based images sensor at the distal end of a cable that also conveys energy for electrosurgery. In another aspect, both light emitting and light sensing element are mounted at the distal end of a probe for insertion through the instrument channel of a surgical scoping device, whereby optical signals do not need to be conveyed through the scoping device, because the transition from electrical signals to optical radiation and back to electrical signals occurs at the distal end.

Abstract: Aspects of subject technology provide systems and methods for generation and distribution of a stable identifier associated with multiple aliases of a user account. The stable identifier may be provided to various electronic devices by a server, responsive to requests associated with communications to those devices from one of the associated aliases. In this way, messaging applications can utilize the stable identifier to merge conversations from a single user having multiple aliases, and secure access to a secure device can be provided to an authorized user, even if the authorized user attempts access from an unauthorized account alias.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument for delivering microwave energy to biological tissue, in which a pair of conductive tuning elements are mounted in a radiating instrument tip to shape a microwave radiation profile of the instrument so that the radiation profile is constrained around the instrument tip. Such tuning elements may result in a radiation profile that is substantially spherical around the instrument tip, providing a well-defined ablation volume. The tuning elements act to improve the efficiency with which microwave energy can be delivered into target tissue.

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument for delivering microwave energy having a predetermined frequency into biological tissue in contact with the instrument, wherein the instrument comprises a first coaxial transmission line having a second coaxial transmission line connected to the distal end thereof, the second coaxial transmission line having a length and a characteristic impedance that are configured to match the impedance of the first coaxial transmission line to the load impedance at the distal end of the distal coaxial transmission line when the instrument is in contact with the tissue, at the operating frequency.

Abstract: Electrical instrument for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, comprising: a distal part comprising an instrument tip for applying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to tissue, the instrument tip comprising first and second conductive elements; a coaxial feed cable comprising an inner conductor, a tubular outer conductor coaxial with the inner conductor, and dielectric material separating the inner and outer conductors, the coaxial feed cable being for conveying radiofrequency and/or microwave frequency energy to the distal part; wherein: the inner conductor is electrically connected to the first conductive element and the outer conductor is electrically connected to the second conductive element through a rotatable connection between the distal part and the coaxial feed cable that allows rotation of the distal part relative to the coaxial feed cable; and the instrument comprises an actuator for rotating the distal part in a first rotational direction relative to

Abstract: An electrosurgical instrument for delivering both microwave and radiofrequency (RF) energy in which a pair of longitudinally spaced electrodes are combined with an intermediate tuning element to enable both effective bipolar RF ablation and/or coagulation and microwave ablation with a field shape that is constrained around the instrument tip. The instrument comprises a radiating tip disposed at a distal end of a coaxial cable. The tip has a distal electrode and a proximal electrode disposed on a surface of a dielectric body and physically separated by an intermediate portion of the dielectric body. A tuning element is mounted in the intermediate portion.

Abstract: An electrode structure for a distal tip of an electrosurgical instrument that enables efficient delivery of radiofrequency (RF) energy in a forward (distal) direction and uniform delivery of microwave energy for ablation in a region surrounding the distal tip. The instrument comprises a tip body having a first electrode and a second electrode, where the second electrode is spaced from the first electrode exposed dielectric material. The first electrode is connected through the tip body to an inner conductor of a coaxial feed. The second electrode is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial feed by a field-shaping conductive structure formed in or on the tip body. The field-shaping conductive structure is configured to shape a radiation profile of microwave energy emitted from the tip body.

Abstract: Aspects of subject technology provide systems and methods for generation and distribution of a stable identifier associated with multiple aliases of a user account. The stable identifier may be provided to various electronic devices by a server, responsive to requests associated with communications to those devices from one of the associated aliases. In this way, messaging applications can utilize the stable identifier to merge conversations from a single user having multiple aliases, and secure access to a secure device can be provided to an authorized user, even if the authorized user attempts access from an unauthorized account alias.

Abstract: Provided are macrocyclic compounds and iron or cobalt coordinated macrocyclic compounds. The compounds can be used as MRI contrast agents. Certain compounds are redox active and can be used to assess the biological redox status of a sample.