Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for paging for highly directional systems. A WTRU may receive a default and/or a dynamic set of active SSBs, may indicate the beams/SSBs which may be used to receive paging DCI (e.g. DCI scrambled with P-RNTI), and/or a message over PDSCH. A WTRU may utilize a default and/or dynamic set of active SSBs that may determine PDCCH monitoring occasions (PMOs) that may be monitored in the WTRU's paging occasions (POs). A WTRU may send paging activating requests to activate a suitable SSB using associated UL signal/resources. A WTRU may send one or more paging activation requests to activate multiple SSBs (e.g., a field of view (FOV) around a suitable SSB). A gNB may support a minimal feedback-based paging procedure.

Abstract: A system, device and method are provided for adapting transmission characteristics to mitigate negative impact on the wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) when high-power, narrowband transmitters are propagating energy in narrow bands within the wider bands used by the WTRU to communicate in advanced communications networks. The system, device and method include detecting interference based on the presence of an interferer, determining the power spectral density (PSD) level from the interference, based on the PSD level exceeding a threshold, determining a synchronization signal burst (SSB) frequency location that mitigates the interference, and transmitting the determined SSB frequency location to at least one WTRU being served by the base station. After a preset period of time, in examples, the SSB frequency may be reverted back to an original SSB frequency.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for dedicated energy harvesting (DEH). A Wireless Transfer/Receive Unit, WTRU, discovers a first base station of a cell, discovers at least one second base station in the cell, and transmits to the first base station information indicating selection of one of the at least one discovered second base station.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., directed to random channel access over zero energy (ZE) air-interface(s) are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first reference signal. For example, the WTRU may determine that a first signal strength of the received first reference signal may fail to satisfy a strength condition, and responsively the WTRU may: (i) receive a transmission, (ii) determine a sequence and an occasion based on the received transmission, (iii) transmit using the determined sequence on the determined occasion, and (iv) receive a second reference signal from an interrogating WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for mitigating the effect of radar signals on wireless communication between a base station and a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and to mitigate the effect on a radar system of communication between the base station and the WTRU. The methods and apparatuses include beam nulling on transmit and receive by the WTRU.

Abstract: Apparatus for paging for highly directional systems. A WTRU receives a default and/or a dynamic set of active SSBs which indicates the beams/SSBs is used to receive paging DCI, e.g. DCI scrambled with P-RNTI, over PDSCH. A WTRU utilizes the default and/or dynamic set of active SSBs in order to determine PDCCH monitoring occasions, PMOs, that are monitored in the WTRU's paging occasions, POs. A WTRU sends paging activating requests to activate a suitable SSB using associated UL signal/resources, if the suitable SSB fulfills a SSB criteria, if the activation duration has elapsed and if the monitoring duration has elapsed. A WTRU may send one or more paging activation requests to activate multiple SSBs, e.g., a field of view, FOV, around a suitable SSB. Said paging activation requests implements a minimal feedback-based paging procedure for paging in highly directional systems, to which the gNB replies with paging configuration for the suitable SSB.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for in-channel narrowband (NB) companion air interface (CAI) assisted wideband (WB) random access channel (RACH) access. Periodic NB downlink (DL) synchronization sequences are detected. Range information is estimated by measuring the periodic NB DL synchronization sequences; and determining an NB CAI RACH occasion. The range information is transmitted to a gNode B (gNB), or other base station, in a NB CAI RACH procedure. At least one selected WB sequence based on the range information and at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion based on the NB CAI RACH occasion are received from the gNB. A contention free WB RACH procedure is performed based on the received at least one selected WB sequence and the at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit, WTRU, can select a constellation from a set of constellations corresponding to a symbol configuration for indirect carrier modulation, ICM, based on at least one constellation performance efficacy indicator, each constellation performance efficacy indicator respectively corresponding to a constellation of the set of constellations, and use the selected constellation and symbol configuration to simultaneously harvest energy and transmit data.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods and instrumentalities associated with power saving in a wireless communication system. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in the system may receive configuration information regarding a discontinuous reception (DRX) mode and a low-power wake-up signal (WUS). The WTRU may enter the DRX mode and monitor for the low-power WUS. The WTRU may determine whether to wake up during an on duration of the DRX mode based on whether the low-power WUS is received or based on information included in the low-power WUS.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with enabling target localization with bi/multi-static measurements in new radio (NR). Bi-static or multi-static configurations with potential targets may be formed with nodes (e.g., WTRUs, gNBs, etc.) of mobile wireless communication systems, for example, to enable target localization applications. Target localization may be enhanced based on using determined configurations to reduce target localization estimation errors.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for in-channel narrowband (NB) companion air interface (CAI) assisted wideband (WB) random access channel (RACH) access. Periodic NB downlink (DL) synchronization sequences are detected. Range information is estimated by measuring the periodic NB DL synchronization sequences; and determining an NB CAI RACH occasion. The range information is transmitted to a gNode B (gNB), or other base station, in a NB CAI RACH procedure. At least one selected WB sequence based on the range information and at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion based on the NB CAI RACH occasion are received from the gNB. A contention free WB RACH procedure is performed based on the received at least one selected WB sequence and the at least one scheduled WB RACH occasion.

Abstract: A method performed by a base station may comprise: receiving RADAR information; sending scheduling information, wherein the scheduling information includes a set of time and frequency resources associated with a physical downlink transmission that avoid RADAR interference, and wherein the set of time and frequency resources is determined based on the RADAR information; and sending the physical downlink transmission using resources based on the set of time and frequency resources.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus for operation by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with enabling target localization with bi/multi-static measurements in new radio (NR). Bi-static or multi-static configurations with potential targets may be formed with nodes (e.g., WTRUs, gNBs, etc.) of mobile wireless communication systems, for example, to enable target localization applications. Target localization may be enhanced based on using determined configurations to reduce target localization estimation errors.

Abstract: An Evanescent Cell (EC) refers to a WTRU-centric cell exploiting highly directional transmissions. An EC may comprise one or more beams from one or more BSs/gNBs/TRPs that may be operated by the same or different operators. An EC may be created utilizing knowledge of radio planning having detected the presence of one or more WTRU. A Beam-Group (BG) refers to a group of beams associated with an EC. All beams associated with an EC may be categorized into multiple BGs. Each BG may be made up of one or more beams from multiple BSs/gNBs/TRPs. Multiple BGs within an EC may be enabled to ease the burden of cell management. In one or more embodiments, there may be systems, procedures, and/or devices for EC/BG detection, deactivation, activation, selection, reselection, and augmentation. Further, there may be one or more embodiments for hierarchical system information acquisition as they relate to ECs/BGs.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for method for energy harvesting (EH) performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are provided. A method may include any of receiving information indicating EH receiver configuration information (EHRCI) including information indicating an EH priority of the WTRU; and on condition that the EH priority of the WTRU indicates that the WTRU is permitted to perform EH, performing the EH on signaling received via the EH receiver according to the EHRCI.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for method for energy harvesting (EH) performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are provided. A method may include any of receiving information indicating EH receiver configuration information (EHRCI) including information indicating an EH priority of the WTRU; and on condition that the EH priority of the WTRU indicates that the WTRU is permitted to perform EH, performing the EH on signaling received via the EH receiver according to the EHRCI.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus for operation by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU).

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to communicate through a zero energy (ZE) interface in accordance with an embodiment disclosed herein is provided. The method includes the WTRU receiving, a first positioning reference signal (PRS) resource with parameters characterizing the first PRS and determining the suitability of the first PRS resource for use by the WTRU. The method also includes measuring the phase difference of arrival (PDOA) for available frequency pairs and generating a range estimate based on the PDOA measurement.

Abstract: Approaches for idle mode operations for wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) with zero-energy (ZE) receivers are disclosed herein. A WTRU operating in idle mode, may receive using the main transceiver over a Uu interface, an energy harvesting (EH) configuration for use over a ZE air interface. The main transceiver may be turned off, and the ZE receiver as part of a ZE idle mode operation, may detect, over the ZE air interface, and harvest energy from ZE reference signals. The WTRU may calculate an amount of energy harvested from the ZE reference signals over a first time period. The WTRU may calculate a ZE idle mode operation energy consumption over the first time period. On a condition that the ZE idle mode operation energy consumption is greater than the harvested energy, the main transceiver may be turned on and the WTRU may enter a Uu interface idle mode operation.