Abstract: This invention relates to a low heat release, low density, fiber-reinforced composite comprising a matrix comprising a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, a copolycarbonate of 4,4'-thiodiphenol and at least one member of the group consisting of bisphenol A, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, and 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl ethane, a copolycarbonate of bisphenol A and 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl ethane polycarbonate, bisphenol A polycarbonate, and polyetherimide, and from about 10 to about 70 percent by weight of the composite of randomly oriented reinforcing fibers, less than 0.5 inch in length, distributed throughout the matrix. The matrix has a void volume of from about 20 to about 90 percent by volume. The composite has a thermoplastic skin layer on each of the major surfaces thereof. A process for making the composite is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a low heat release, low density, fiber-reinforced composite comprising a matrix comprising a thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, a copolycarbonate of 4,4'-thiodiphenol and at least one member of the group consisting of bisphenol A, 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl ethane, a copolycarbonate of bisphenol A and 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenyl ethane polycarbonate, bisphenol A polycarbonate, and polyetherimide, and from about 10 to about 70 percent by weight of the composite of randomly oriented reinforcing fibers, less than 0.5 inch in length, distributed throughout the matrix. The matrix has a void volume of from about 20 to about 90 percent by volume. The composite has a thermoplastic skin layer on each of the major surfaces thereof. A process for making the composite is also disclosed.

Abstract: Vinyl ester/styrene mixtures are flexibilized by addition thereto of minor amounts of urethanes which (1) comprise at least one polyglycol moiety and two urethane groups and are terminated by vinyl-reactive end groups, and (2) form a dispersed second phase in the cured mixture. The flexibilized compositions otherwise largely retain the characteristic properties of the unflexibilized mixtures.

Abstract: Liquid epoxy resins can be converted to non-sintering, relatively low equivalent weight, flakable solid opoxides having relatively low melt viscosities by advancing the resins with 1,1,1-tri(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes or -alkenes in which the alkane or alkene moiety contains from 1 to 11 carbons.

Abstract: Liquid epoxy resins can be converted to non-sintering, relatively low equivalent weight, flakable solid epoxides having relatively low melt viscosities by advancing the resins with 1,1,1-tri(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes or -alkenes in which the alkane or alkene moiety contains from 1 to 11 carbons.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising either at least about 80 wt. % of a monomeric or oligomeric polyglycidyl ether of tris(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes;or at least about 80 wt. % of an epoxy phenol-formaldehyde or cresol-formaldehyde novolac resin in monomeric or oligometric form, e.g., dimers, trimers, tetramers and some higher oligomers in an amount of as little as 5 up to about 95 wt. %;in combination with from about 0.1 to about 20 wt. % of a divinyl benzene compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each A independently represents H, F, Cl, Br or CH.sub.3 but no more than 2 of A are CH.sub.3.

Abstract: Polyester and polyesteramide alkyds containing no polycycloalkenyl end groups, in admixture with non-resinous vinyl monomers, are flexibilized by inclusion in the mixtures of about 1 to 20 parts by weight of a polyglycol moiety-comprising, vinyl reactive, urethane oligomer per hundred parts of the alkyd.

Abstract: The hydrolyzable "chloride" contents of epoxides prepared from epihalohydrins and phenols, aromatic amines or >N-H group-containing heterocycles are considerably reduced by a second dehydrochlorination step which comprises dissolving the epoxide in a solvent having the characteristics of a 1:1 by weight blend of methylethylketone and toluene and treating it with amounts of base and water ensuring a final base concentration equivalent to that of about 4 wt. % aqueous NaOH.

Abstract: The invention is an improved process for preparing epoxy resin/phosphoric acid reaction products having high enough phosphomonoester contents to be water-dispersible (as base salts) and low enough free acid contents to yield water-resistant cured coatings. The phosphoric acid is provided as an acid source material deriveable by the reaction of a hydroxylic P--OH functionality-limiting agent (blocking agent) with phosphoric anhydride as such or as a reaction product thereof with less than six molecular proportions of water. A resin solvent, which may also function as the P--OH blocking agent but otherwise is inert and acceptable as part of the final coating resin formulation, is employed as the reaction medium. The epoxide/acid reaction is allowed to proceed, effectively in the absence of water, until the content in the reaction mixture of species indistinguishable from H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 by base-titration has dropped to a minimum.

Abstract: Solutions of amine-salified phosphoresins and the free amine in organic solvents are converted to stable dispersions of the salified resins in water by steam stripping under conditions such that at least part of the water is provided as condensed steam.

Abstract: Triethylamine and water are simultaneously removed from solutions in organic solvents, by liquid/liquid extraction with concentrated aqueous solutions of (C.sub.2 H.sub.5).sub.3 N.H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 which preferably contain free phosphoric acid as well. Upon heating of the resulting extract, the water and amine taken up are boiled off and the extractant regenerated. The method is of particular value in the preparation of aqueous coating compositions comprising reaction products of polyether epoxides and H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 in organic media. The reaction product is salified with triethylamine in excess, in the presence of added water. The organic solvent is boiled off, together with the excess amine and some of the water, to form an aqueous dispersion of the salified product and a distillate which can be processed by the method of the invention. The recovered solvent, water and amine may be recycled.

Abstract: Substrates are coated with relatively high molecular weight epoxy resin coatings by applying to a substrate a mixture comprising(A) a relatively low molecular weight epoxy resin such as the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A,(B) a phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound such as bisphenol A and(C) a catalyst for effecting a reaction between (A) and (B), andsubjecting the coated substrate to a temperature of 120.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Hydrophobic, thermoset resins having highly desirable properties in coatings applications can be prepared from novel, water-thinnable, base-neutralized, acidic reaction products of orthophosphoric acid with hydrophobic, nominally-difunctional polyether epoxide resins having average epoxide equivalent weights (EEW) of from about 172 to about 5500. The phosphate groups in these products, when formed with fugitive bases, are thermally decomposable to yield resins which are not rapidly self-converting as such but are rapidly heat convertible in admixture with any of several types of curing agents. The functional groups responsible for water solubilization are utilized (and reacted out) in curing of the resins. The invention provides a method of utilizing hydrophobic, high performance polyether epoxide type polymers in aqueous coating systems having the ability to wet metal surfaces.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a coating composition to an article and drying the solvent from the so applied coating prior to introduction of the coated article into the ambient atmosphere, comprising a housing or chamber in a generally "J" shape in which the small upwardly turned portion of the "J" defines an inner compartment isolated from the ambient atmosphere by the "J" configuration when the chamber is filled with a volatile solvent vapor and the inner compartment vapors are at an elevated temperature with respect to the remainder of the vapors in the chamber. The apparatus is provided with condensing means at the ambient atmosphere entrance and exit, a source of solvent vapors which may be integral with the chamber, and a means to introduce heat to the vapors and articles when they are in the inner compartment.

Abstract: Phosphoric acid is reacted with mono- or polyfunctional epoxides containing methyol or alkoxymethyl groups, to provide resins which are curable simply by heating and contain as much as about 30 weight percent of phosphoric acid. Improved flame retardancy and water resistance are imparted to structural foams by impregnating them with these resins and curing in-situ.

Abstract: The utility, as coatings, of water-thinnable, base-neutralized H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 /polyether epoxide reaction products, is improved by admixture therewith of the base-neutralized reaction products of phosphoric acid with various other kinds of epoxides. Of particular value are such mixtures in which the latter products are derived from methylol- or lower alkoxymethyl-substituted epoxides.

Abstract: A method for coating surfaces with organic film-forming compositions, which may contain pigments or coloring matter, characterized by applying the composition to a surface or substrate while subjecting the surface or substrate to a gaseous environment whose temperature is above the boiling point of the vaporizable solvent vehicle(s) of the coating composition and removing the solvent vehicle from the applied coating in a controlled manner while in said gaseous environment. The temperatures of the environment, the surface and the coating composition are selected relative one to the other such that the film of coating will gel yet not "skin over" until the solvent vehicle has been substantially completely removed from the coating, the solvent vehicle will not be substantially lost from the coating composition until the coating has been applied to the surface, or substrate, and the application of the coating to the surface or substrate will not materially cool the surface or the environment.