Abstract: The invention relates to improved formation protocols for NIB hard carbon anodes in super concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes. In contrast to established methods for carbonate-based solvents, a high current density 2 C formation protocol resulted in the highest specific capacity during subsequent cycling at ½ C current density, along with the lowest EIS resistance, compared with 1 C and 1/10 C formation protocols. Variable cycling conditions (e.g., ? C for long term cycling) were not influenced by the high C-rate treatment, demonstrating the necessity of applying high rate formation protocols for conditioning in these electrolytes. XPS and NMR analysis revealed a thinner SEI layer was formed after high C-rate formation, which can facilitate the Na+ charge transfer and diffusion across the electrolyte/electrode boundary.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a polymer electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte includes a lithium salt polymer including an anionic functional group and a salt with lithium, and a substance having plastic crystal properties. The present disclosure provides the polymer electrolyte improved in electrical performance, in particular, the polymer electrolyte improved in lithium ion transport number.

Abstract: An electrode for an all-solid-state energy storage device, the electrode comprising an electrode composition comprising an electroactive material and an internal ionic binder in the form of at least one organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) and ion transport salt composite which supports comparable performance of the electrode to one using liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: An anode for a lithium or lithium-ion cell, protected with an SEI by pre-treatment in an SEI-formation cell, is stable for cell cycling even in the presence of substantial water in the cell electrolyte. A method for making the protected anode includes forming an SEI on a lithium or lithium-ion electrode by performing multiple charge/discharge cycles on the electrode in a first cell having an SEI formation electrolyte to produce the protected anode. The SEI formation electrolyte includes an ionic liquid having at least one of eight organic cations.

Abstract: An anode for a Li-ion cell, protected with an SEI by pre-treatment in an SEI-formation cell, is stable for cell cycling even in the presence of substantial water in the cell electrolyte. A method for making the protected anode includes forming an SEI on a lithium electrode by performing multiple charge/discharge cycles on the electrode in a first cell having an SEI formation electrolyte to produce the protected anode. The SEI formation electrolyte includes an ionic liquid having at least one of eight organic cations.

Abstract: An electrolyte for Li-ion and other secondary electrochemical cells includes an FSI anion and at least one of methyltriethylphosphonium; trimethylisobutylphosphonium; methyltributylphosphonium; and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium. The electrolyte uniquely enables stable cell cycling even when water is present in the electrolyte at levels as high as 5000 ppm. Methyltriethylphosphonium and trimethylisobutylphosphonium-containing electrolytes are particularly effective in this water-stabilizing capacity.

Abstract: An anode for a Li-ion cell, protected with an SEI by pre-treatment in an SEI-formation cell, is stable for cell cycling even in the presence of substantial water in the cell electrolyte. A method for making the protected anode includes forming an SEI on a lithium electrode by performing multiple charge/discharge cycles on the electrode in a first cell having an SEI formation electrolyte to produce the protected anode. The SEI formation electrolyte includes an ionic liquid having at least one of eight organic cations.

Abstract: An electrolyte for Li-ion and other secondary electrochemical cells includes an FSI anion and at least one of methyltriethylphosphonium; trimethylisobutylphosphonium; methyltributylphosphonium; and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium. The electrolyte uniquely enables stable cell cycling even when water is present in the electrolyte at levels as high as 5000 ppm. Methyltriethylphosphonium and trimethylisobutylphosphonium-containing electrolytes are particularly effective in this water-stabilizing capacity.

Abstract: Pyrrolidinium based room temperature ionic liquids, and phosphorous and arsenic analogues, are used as electrolytes in energy storage devices including secondary lithium batteries, supercapacitors and asymmetric battery-supercapacitors. The electrolytes preferably contain lithium ions as the charge-carrying species. The electrolytes are in a liquid state at the operating temperature.