Abstract: Aspects described herein generally relate to a sol-gel that is the reaction product of a hydroxy organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and a corrosion inhibitor. The hydroxy organosilane is represented by Formula (I): wherein R is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, ether, and aryl. The acid stabilizer is at a molar ratio of acid stabilizer to metal alkoxide of 1:1 or greater and the sol-gel has a pH from about 3 to about 4.

Abstract: Aspects described herein generally relate to a method of coating a metallic surface. The method includes forming a solution including a corrosion inhibitor having one or more thiol moieties and a hydroxide. The metallic surface is coated with the solution to form a treated metallic surface. The treated metallic surface is further coated with an organosilane, an acid, and a metal alkoxide to form a coating system.

Abstract: Aspects described herein generally relate to a method of coating a metallic surface. The method includes forming a solution including a corrosion inhibitor having one or more thiol moieties and a hydroxide. The metallic surface is coated with the solution to form a treated metallic surface. The treated metallic surface is further coated with an organosilane, an acid, and a metal alkoxide to form a coating system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a sensor system including one or more sensors having a first container fluidly coupled to a second container, the second container being configured to receive a conductive media from the first container. A first movable element is slidingly engaged with the first container to cause the second container to receive the conductive media from the first container. A first electrode is positioned in the first cavity and electrically coupled to the conductive media. In some examples, a second electrode is electrically coupled to the first electrode and the conductive media. The sensor deposits the conductive media on a working electrode to form an electrochemical cell and obtain one or more material properties of the working electrode. In some examples, the sensor system includes an array of sensors which deposit the conducive media in multiple locations on a working electrode to generate a material property map.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions, articles thereof, and methods of forming compositions. In at least one aspect, a composition includes (1) an epoxy, (2) an amino or amido hardener, (3) a polyaniline, (4) a dopant selected from a triazolyl, a thiazolyl, a quinolinyl, a salicylate, a benzoate, a glycolate, a phosphate, a sulfonate, or combination(s) thereof; and (5) a pigment selected from titanium dioxide, silica, talc, mica, aluminium stearate, or combination(s) thereof. The polyaniline+dopant comprises 6 wt % or less, by total volume of the composition. The present disclosure provides substrates having a composition disposed thereon. In at least one aspect, a method includes introducing an acid form of a polyaniline to a hydroxide to form a polyaniline hydroxide. The method includes introducing a dopant to the polyaniline hydroxide to form a doped polyaniline.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions, articles thereof, and methods of forming compositions. In at least one aspect, a composition includes (1) an epoxy, (2) an amino or amido hardener, (3) a polyaniline, (4) a dopant selected from a triazolyl, a thiazolyl, a quinolinyl, a salicylate, a benzoate, a glycolate, a phosphate, a sulfonate, an oxalate, or combination(s) thereof; and (5) a pigment selected from titanium dioxide, silica, talc, mica, aluminium stearate, or combination(s) thereof. The polyaniline+dopant comprises greater than 6 wt %, by weight of the composition. In at least one aspect, a method includes introducing an acid form of a polyaniline to a hydroxide to form a polyaniline hydroxide. The method includes introducing a dopant to the polyaniline hydroxide to form a doped polyaniline.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions including a conductive polymer; and a fiber material comprising one or more metals disposed thereon. The present disclosure further provides a component, such as a vehicle component, including a composition of the present disclosure disposed thereon. The present disclosure further provides methods for manufacturing a component including: contacting a metal coated fiber material with an oxidizing agent and a monomer to form a first composition comprising a metal coated fiber material and a conductive polymer; and contacting the first composition with a polymer matrix or resin to form a second composition.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include compositions and methods of making and use thereof. In at least one aspect, a composition, includes a polyaniline and a polysiloxane having a density of about 1.05 g/cm3 or greater. The composition optionally includes a solvent. In at least one aspect, a method includes introducing a polyaniline with a polysiloxane having a density of about 1.05 g/cm3 or greater to form a composition. In at least one aspect, a method includes disposing a composition onto a substrate. The composition includes a polyaniline and a polysiloxane having a density of about 1.05 g/cm3 or greater.

Abstract: Composite airfoils of the present disclosure comprise a root section including a first surface. The airfoils comprise an intermediate section having a first surface and coupled with the root section at a first end. The airfoils comprise a tip section having a first surface and coupled at a first end with a second end of the intermediate section. The airfoils comprise a conductive material layer adjacent at least one of the first surface of the root section, the first surface of the intermediate section, and the first surface of the tip section. The conductive material comprises a first polymer, a second polymer, and a sulfonic acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a coated iron particle, or reaction product of a coating and the iron particle, comprising an iron particle and a ceramic coating disposed on the iron particle. Aspects of the present disclosure provide a coated iron particle, or reaction product of a coating and the iron particle, including an iron particle having a diameter of from about 0.5 micron to about 100 microns; and a ceramic coating disposed on the iron particle. Aspects of the present disclosure further provide compositions comprising a coated iron particle and a polymer or adhesion promoter. Aspects of the present disclosure further provide components, such as components, such as vehicle components, having a surface and a composition of the present disclosure disposed on the surface.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for the continuous preparation of 1,2-di(furan-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol from furan-2-carbaldehyde. The methods can proceed chemically or electrochemically. In certain examples, the methods further comprise the application of a static mixer. The present methods produce 1,2-di(furan-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol in greater yield, purity, chemoselectivity, and stereoselectivity than traditional batch methods.

Abstract: Compositions are described for protecting a metal surface against corrosion. The composition includes a corrosion-inhibiting particle. The corrosion inhibiting particle may be usable in an epoxy resin-based coating or an olefin resin-based coating. The particle may include a core and a protectant. The core may include a water soluble corrosion inhibitor. The protectant may be disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the core and may be covalently or ionically bonded to a thiol group of the corrosion inhibitor. The protectant may be configured to reduce reaction between the core and the epoxy resin or the olefin resin. Methods of making the compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions including a carbon fiber material comprising one or more of dibromocyclopropyl or polysilazane disposed thereon; and a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer. The present disclosure further provides metal substrates including a composition of the present disclosure disposed thereon. The present disclosure further provides vehicle components including a metal substrate of the present disclosure. The present disclosure further provides methods for manufacturing a vehicle component, including contacting a carbon fiber material with a polysilazane or a dibromocarbene to form a coated carbon fiber material; and mixing the coated carbon fiber material with a thermosetting polymer or a thermoplastic polymer to form a composition. Methods can further include depositing a composition of the present disclosure onto a metal substrate.

Abstract: Aspects described herein generally relate to a sol-gel that is the reaction product of an organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid, and a thio-lanthanide salt having a solubility of about 1 gram or greater per gram of sol-gel at 23° C. The thio-lanthanide salt includes a cation and a thio-ligand. The cation can be lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium, cobalt, calcium, strontium, barium, and zirconium. In another aspect, a component, such as a vehicle component, includes a metal substrate and a sol-gel disposed on the metal substrate. Methods can include forming a sol-gel by mixing a metal alkoxide and an acid to form a first mixture; mixing with the first mixture an organosilane to form a second mixture; and mixing with the second mixture a lanthanide salt to form a third mixture.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include compositions and methods of making and use thereof. In at least one aspect, a composition, includes a polyaniline and a polysiloxane having a density of about 1.05 g/cm3 or greater. The composition optionally includes a solvent. In at least one aspect, a method includes introducing a polyaniline with a polysiloxane having a density of about 1.05 g/cm3 or greater to form a composition. In at least one aspect, a method includes disposing a composition onto a substrate. The composition includes a polyaniline and a polysiloxane having a density of about 1.05 g/cm3 or greater.

Abstract: Methods of forming an electrically conductive carbon allotrope material comprise depositing a first material comprising a polymer and a sulfonic acid onto a carbon allotrope material to form a second material. The methods comprise curing the second material. Methods of heating a surface of a vehicle component comprise applying a voltage to a material comprising a carbon allotrope material, a polymer, and a sulfonic acid. The material is disposed on a surface of a vehicle component. Electrically conductive materials comprise at least one polymer, at least one sulfonic acid, and a carbon allotrope material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions, articles thereof, and methods of forming compositions. In at least one aspect, a composition includes (1) an epoxy, (2) an amino or amido hardener, (3) a polyaniline, (4) a dopant selected from a triazolyl, a thiazolyl, a quinolinyl, a salicylate, a benzoate, a glycolate, a phosphate, a sulfonate, an oxalate, or combination(s) thereof; and (5) a pigment selected from titanium dioxide, silica, talc, mica, aluminium stearate, or combination(s) thereof. The polyaniline+dopant comprises greater than 6 wt %, by weight of the composition. In at least one aspect, a method includes introducing an acid form of a polyaniline to a hydroxide to form a polyaniline hydroxide. The method includes introducing a dopant to the polyaniline hydroxide to form a doped polyaniline.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include compositions and methods of making and use thereof. In at least one aspect, a composition, includes a polyaniline and a polysiloxane having a density of about 1.05 g/cm3 or greater. The composition optionally includes a solvent. In at least one aspect, a method includes introducing a polyaniline with a polysiloxane having a density of about 1.05 g/cm3 or greater to form a composition. In at least one aspect, a method includes disposing a composition onto a substrate. The composition includes a polyaniline and a polysiloxane having a density of about 1.05 g/cm3 or greater.

Abstract: Aspects described herein generally relate to a method of coating a metallic surface. The method includes forming a solution including a corrosion inhibitor having one or more thiol moieties and a hydroxide. The metallic surface is coated with the solution to form a treated metallic surface. The treated metallic surface is further coated with an organosilane, an acid, and a metal alkoxide to form a coating system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polyanilines, articles thereof, and methods of forming polyanilines. In at least one aspect, a polyaniline has a thermal stability of about 100° C. or greater, a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from about 50,000 g/mol to about 150,000 g/mol and a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of from about 1 to about 5. In at least one aspect, a film includes a polyaniline, the film having a hydrocarbon content of about 1 wt % or less, based on the total weight of the film. In at least one aspect, a method includes introducing an emulsion of an aqueous solution of an aniline and an alkyl-substituted aryl sulfonic acid having 1 wt % or less of hydrocarbon content into a flow reactor, the flow reactor having a length of tubing having an inner diameter. The method includes polymerizing the monomer within the tube to form a polyaniline.