Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor switch assembly, an energy system, and a vehicle. The semiconductor switch assembly includes a first semiconductor switch (S11), a second semiconductor switch (S12), a resistor (10), an input terminal (20), an output terminal (22), a reference potential terminal (24), and an analysis unit (30), the first semiconductor switch (S11) and the second semiconductor switch (S12) being connected in series between the input terminal (20) and the output terminal (22) and being designed to allow and prevent a current to flow between the input terminal (20) and the output terminal (22) on the basis of a triggering operation by the analysis unit (30). The resistor (10) is connected between the reference potential terminal (24) and a connection point (50) between the first semiconductor switch (S11) and the second semiconductor switch (S12).

Abstract: The invention relates to a monitoring assembly for an electrical component, a semiconductor switch assembly having a monitoring function, and an energy system. An analysis unit (50) of the semiconductor switch assembly is configured to determine on the basis of a first voltage divider (20), a second voltage divider (25), and a measuring device (40), a short circuit and/or a deviation from desired switched states in a first semiconductor switch (10) having a first inverse diode and a second semiconductor switch (15) having a second inverse diode, the semiconductor switches (10, 15) being connected in series between an input terminal (30) and an output terminal (32) of the semiconductor switch assembly, in such a way that the inverse diodes thereof are arranged anti-serially.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods for a modular heating unit that may be adapted to be inline with a pipeline. The unit includes a base member having a main inlet pipe, a header, and pipes connecting the main inlet pipe with the header. A combustion chamber is positioned within the pipes. One or more heat exchangers are connected to the header. The heat exchangers each having a top surface, bottom surface, plurality of fins, inlet ring, inlet port, outlet ring, and outlet port. The modular heating unit includes external inlet and outlet pipes. A first flow path enables fluid to flow from the header into the one or more heat exchangers. An exit flow path connected to the external outlet pipe connects the one or more heat exchangers to an exit port with a portion of the exit flow path being positioned above the one or more heat exchangers.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods for a modular heating unit that may be adapted to be inline with a pipeline. The unit includes a base member having a main inlet pipe, a header, and pipes connecting the main inlet pipe with the header. A combustion chamber is positioned within the pipes. One or more heat exchangers are connected to the header. The heat exchangers each having a top surface, bottom surface, plurality of fins, inlet ring, inlet port, outlet ring, and outlet port. The modular heating unit includes external inlet and outlet pipes. A first flow path enables fluid to flow from the header into the one or more heat exchangers. An exit flow path connected to the external outlet pipe connects the one or more heat exchangers to an exit port with a portion of the exit flow path being positioned above the one or more heat exchangers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a current sensor comprising an electric conductor (10), through which a first current (I) can flow parallel to a first direction (R1) and which comprises three regions (21, 22, 23) immediately following on from each other in the first direction (R1). A middle region (22) of the three regions (21, 22, 23) comprises a conductor cross-sectional area that is smaller than a conductor cross-sectional area of each of the two outer regions (21, 23) of the three regions (21, 22, 23). A voltage sensor of the current sensor is designed to measure a first voltage between the two terminals (41, 42) thereof. The first voltage is the same as a voltage applied to a measuring region (22, 25) at least partially coinciding with the middle region (22).

Abstract: The invention relates to a current sensor comprising an electric conductor (10), through which a first current (I) can flow parallel to a first direction (R1) and which comprises three regions (21, 22, 23) immediately following on from each other in the first direction (R1). A middle region (22) of the three regions (21, 22, 23) comprises a conductor cross-sectional area that is smaller than a conductor cross-sectional area of each of the two outer regions (21, 23) of the three regions (21, 22, 23). A voltage sensor of the current sensor is designed to measure a first voltage between the two terminals (41, 42) thereof. The first voltage is the same as a voltage applied to a measuring region (22, 25) at least partialy coinciding with the middle region (22).

Abstract: A current measuring circuit for redundantly measuring electrical current includes a measuring resistor, a magnetic field sensor, and an evaluation circuit on an evaluation circuit board. The evaluation circuit is used to determine electrical current using the measuring resistor. The magnetic field sensor on the evaluation circuit board and the evaluation circuit board are arranged in direct proximity to the measuring resistor such that the magnetic field sensor is configured to detect the magnetic field from the current-carrying resistor. A battery includes the current measuring circuit and a motor vehicle includes the battery.

Abstract: A current measuring circuit for redundantly measuring electrical current includes a measuring resistor, a magnetic field sensor, and an evaluation circuit on an evaluation circuit board. The evaluation circuit is used to determine electrical current using the measuring resistor. The magnetic field sensor on the evaluation circuit board and the evaluation circuit board are arranged in direct proximity to the measuring resistor such that the magnetic field sensor is configured to detect the magnetic field from the current-carrying resistor. A battery includes the current measuring circuit and a motor vehicle includes the battery.

Abstract: The invention relates to a battery management system for a battery having a plurality of battery cells connected in series, comprising a battery control unit, a plurality of low-voltage measuring devices, by means of which the voltage of one or more battery cells can be measured, and comprising one or more high-voltage measuring devices for a voltage across a plurality or all the battery cells, and/or at least one current measuring device, by means of which a current from or through the battery can be measured, and/or at least one a measuring module comprising a high-voltage measuring device, and a current measuring device, characterized by a signal transmission device, by way of which signals from low-voltage measuring devices and from at least one of the high-voltage measuring devices and/or the current measuring device and/or the measuring module can be transmitted to the battery control unit.

Abstract: A current measuring circuit for redundantly measuring electrical current includes a measuring resistor, a magnetic field sensor, and an evaluation circuit on an evaluation circuit board. The evaluation circuit is used to determine electrical current using the measuring resistor. The magnetic field sensor on the evaluation circuit board and the evaluation circuit board are arranged in direct proximity to the measuring resistor such that the magnetic field sensor is configured to detect the magnetic field from the current-carrying resistor. A battery includes the current measuring circuit and a motor vehicle includes the battery.

Abstract: The invention relates to a battery management system for a battery having a plurality of battery cells connected in series, comprising a battery control unit, a plurality of low-voltage measuring devices, by means of which the voltage of one or more battery cells can be measured, and comprising one or more high-voltage measuring devices for a voltage across a plurality or all the battery cells, and/or at least one current measuring device, by means of which a current from or through the battery can be measured, and/or at least one a measuring module comprising a high-voltage measuring device, and a current measuring device, characterized by a signal transmission device, by way of which signals from low-voltage measuring devices and from at least one of the high-voltage measuring devices and/or the current measuring device and/or the measuring module can be transmitted to the battery control unit.

Abstract: A method for checking an electrical current measurement includes a first step of measuring a current to be measured IM using a current measuring structure. The method also includes a second step of superimposing a test current IP on the current to be measured IM to form a resultant current IRes=IM+IP. The resultant current IRes is measured in a third step using the current measuring structure within a period of time of the second step. In a fourth step, a check follows in order to determine whether the resultant current IRes measured in the third step corresponds to a sum of the current IM measured in the first step plus a known magnitude of the test current IP superimposed in the second step.

Abstract: A current measuring circuit for redundantly measuring electrical current includes a measuring resistor, a magnetic field sensor, and an evaluation circuit on an evaluation circuit board. The evaluation circuit is used to determine electrical current using the measuring resistor. The magnetic field sensor on the evaluation circuit board and the evaluation circuit board are arranged in direct proximity to the measuring resistor such that the magnetic field sensor is configured to detect the magnetic field from the current-carrying resistor. A battery includes the current measuring circuit and a motor vehicle includes the battery.

Abstract: A fluid heater constructed of rectangular tubing through which fluid to be heated is circulated in a circuitous path. The floor and walls of a combustion chamber of the heater are constructed of the rectangular tubing. A tubular coil stack is positioned over the combustion chamber and surrounded by coil stack chamber walls constructed of the rectangular tubing. Consequently, all surfaces of the fluid heater exposed directly to flame are constantly cooled by the fluid to be heated. A combustion unit of the fluid heater is removable to facilitate maintenance.

Abstract: A portable fluid storage tank has through pipes with opposed ends that extend through the tank at two separate places so that the opposed ends are exposed on an exterior of the portable fluid storage tank and the each through pipe provides a separate fluid path through the portable fluid storage tank without fluid communication between the through pipes or an interior of the portable fluid storage tank. Several rows of the portable fluid storage tanks can be connected to a single frac manifold to reduce well site space usage.

Abstract: A portable fluid storage tank has through pipes with opposed ends that extend through the tank at two separate places so that the opposed ends are exposed on an exterior of the portable fluid storage tank and the each through pipe provides a separate fluid path through the portable fluid storage tank without fluid communication between the through pipes or an interior of the portable fluid storage tank. Several rows of the portable fluid storage tanks can be connected to a single frac manifold to reduce well site space usage.

Abstract: A fluid heater constructed of rectangular tubing through which fluid to be heated is circulated in a circuitous path. The floor and walls of a combustion chamber of the heater are constructed of the rectangular tubing. A tubular coil stack is positioned over the combustion chamber and surrounded by coil stack chamber walls constructed of the rectangular tubing. Consequently, all surfaces of the fluid heater exposed directly to flame are constantly cooled by the fluid to be heated. A combustion unit of the fluid heater is removable to facilitate maintenance.

Abstract: A fluid heater constructed of rectangular tubing through which fluid to be heated is circulated in a circuitous path. The floor and walls of a combustion chamber of the heater are constructed of the rectangular tubing. A tubular coil stack is positioned over the combustion chamber and surrounded by coil stack chamber walls constructed of the rectangular tubing. Consequently, all surfaces of the fluid heater exposed directly to flame are constantly cooled by the fluid to be heated. A combustion unit of the fluid heater is removable to facilitate maintenance.

Abstract: A fluid heater constructed of rectangular tubing through which fluid to be heated is circulated in a circuitous path. The floor and walls of a combustion chamber of the heater are constructed of the rectangular tubing. A tubular coil stack is positioned over the combustion chamber and surrounded by coil stack chamber walls constructed of the rectangular tubing. Consequently, all surfaces of the fluid heater exposed directly to flame are constantly cooled by the fluid to be heated. A combustion unit of the fluid heater is removable to facilitate maintenance.