Abstract: There is described a method of processing biomass which comprises the steps of: (i) processing biomass material in an aqueous system in the presence of an oxalic acid catalyst to produce a slurry; (ii) subjecting the slurry to an acidified organosolv liquor and optionally de-aerating the resulting mixture before exposing the mixture to ultrasound in a pretreatment step; and (iii) completing the fractionation process using thermal digestion, followed by separation of the constituents into lignin, hemi-cellulose (monosaccharides) and cellulose with the addition of water.

Abstract: There is described a method of fractionating a biomass material comprising: (i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry; (ii) mixing the slurry with an organosolv reagent optionally under an inert atmosphere to form a pre-treatment mix; (iii) subjecting the pre-treatment mix to sonication; (iv) optionally heating the product of step (iii) in an autoclave under pressure; (v) separating the solid and liquid components of the fractionation mix; (vi) optionally washing the solid; (vii) optionally drying the solid component; (viii) separating the liquid component into organic and aqueous components; and (ix) isolating lignin from the organic component and/or isolating hemi-cellulose from the aqueous component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device and method for use in laparoscopic surgery, in particular hand assisted laparoscopic surgery, the device comprising a flexible body having a sidewall of double wall construction which defines an inflatable cavity enabling the body to be inflated from a collapsed state into an expanded state, in order to distend a surgical cavity to provide an enclosure within which a surgical procedure may be performed, the body having an opened to allow communication between the enclosure defined by the body when in the expanded state and tissue/organs surrounding the body, in particular directly adjacent, in use, the open end of body.

Abstract: There is described a method of processing biomass which comprises the steps of: (i) processing biomass material in an aqueous system in the presence of an oxalic acid catalyst to produce a slurry; (ii) subjecting the slurry to an acidified organosolv liquor and optionally de-aerating the resulting mixture before exposing the mixture to ultrasound in a pretreatment step; and (iii) completing the fractionation process using thermal digestion, followed by separation of the constituents into lignin, hemi-cellulose (monosaccharides) and cellulose with the addition of water.

Abstract: There is described a method of fractionating a biomass material comprising: (i) blending the biomass material with an acid catalyst to form a slurry; (ii) mixing the slurry with an organosolv reagent optionally under an inert atmosphere to form a pre-treatment mix; (iii) subjecting the pre-treatment mix to sonication; (iv) optionally heating the product of step (iii) in an autoclave under pressure; (v) separating the solid and liquid components of the fractionation mix; (vi) optionally washing the solid; (vii) optionally drying the solid component; (viii) separating the liquid component into organic and aqueous components; and (ix) isolating lignin from the organic component and/or isolating hemi-cellulose from the aqueous component.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a system and method for preventing or substantially reducing the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux in a human or animal, in particular by the fixation of a valve based device (10) within the stomach of such a human or animal, about the lower oesophageal sphincter muscle, which device supersedes the operation of said lower oesophageal sphincter muscle, in particular in situations when the lower oesophageal sphincter muscle is damaged.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device (10; 110) for use in parietal surgery, in particular for use in laparascopic hernia repair, the device (10; 110) comprising a body (12; 138) at one end of which is located a parietal reinforcement implant (14; 114), in a collapsed state, the device (10; 110) including means operate e to expose the parietal surgical implant from within the body, and means operable to urge the parietal surgical implant (14; 114) into an open or expanded state, once positioned at the site of the hernia, wherein the parietal surgical implant (14; 114) may be separated from the device (10; 110), in order to allow the parietal surgical implant (14; 114) to be secured against the site of the hernia such as to aid in the healing of same.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a device and method for use in surgery, in particular hand assisted laparascopic surgery, the device comprising a flexible sleeve about one end of which is located a plurality of inflatable balloons, such that the sleeve may be located about a surgeon's forearm, with the balloons thus circumscribing the surgeon's wrist, the balloons being inflated once the surgeon's hand and wrist have been inserted into a surgical cavity, in order to distend the surgical cavity, thereby creating a space within which the surgical procedure may be performed.

Abstract: Adornments are applied to shapes in a diagram that graphically displays data about those shapes. Once the adornments are applied to a shape, the information displayed is automatically updated as the underlying shape data changes. The appearance of the diagram is updated automatically when the user updates the data for their shapes. The set of adornments that may be applied to shapes is extensible. A mechanism and interface is defined for creating additional adornments that have customized looks or behaviors.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a device and method for use in surgery, in particular hand assisted laparascopic surgery, the device comprising a flexible sleeve about one end of which is located a plurality of inflatable balloons, such that the sleeve may be located about a surgeon's forearm, with the balloons thus circumscribing the surgeon's wrist, the balloons being inflated once the surgeon's hand and wrist have been inserted into a surgical cavity, in order to distend the surgical cavity, thereby creating a space within which the surgical procedure may be performed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device and method for use in laparoscopic surgery, in particular hand assisted laparoscopic surgery, the device comprising a flexible body having a sidewall of double wall construction which defines an inflatable cavity enabling the body to be inflated from a collapsed state into an expanded state, in order to distend a surgical cavity to provide an enclosure within which a surgical procedure may be performed, the body having an opened to allow communication between the enclosure defined by the body when in the expanded state and tissue/organs surrounding the body, in particular directly adjacent, in use, the open end of body.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a system and method for preventing or substantially reducing the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux in a human or animal, in particular by the fixation of a valve based device (10) within the stomach of such a human or animal, about the lower oesophageal sphincter muscle, which device supersedes the operation of said lower oesophageal sphincter muscle, in particular in situations when the lower oesophageal sphincter muscle is damaged.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device (10; 110) for use in parietal surgery, in particular for use in laparascopic hernia repair, the device (10; 110) comprising a body (12; 138) at one end of which is located a parietal reinforcement implant (14; 114), in a collapsed state, the device (10; 110) including means operate e to expose the parietal surgical implant from within the body, and means operable to urge the parietal surgical implant (14; 114) into an open or expanded state, once positioned at the site of the hernia, wherein the parietal surgical implant (14; 114) may be separated from the device (10; 110), in order to allow the parietal surgical implant (14; 114) to be secured against the site of the hemia such as to aid in the healing of same.

Abstract: Adornments are applied to shapes in a diagram that graphically displays data about those shapes. Once the adornments are applied to a shape, the information displayed is automatically updated as the underlying shape data changes. The appearance of the diagram is updated automatically when the user updates the data for their shapes. The set of adornments that may be applied to shapes is extensible. A mechanism and interface is defined for creating additional adornments that have customized looks or behaviors.

Abstract: A detachable anvil assembly for use with an apparatus for performing circular anastomosis of tubular organs includes an elongated anvil rod having proximal and distal end portions and an anvil head mounted to the distal end portion of the anvil rod. The distal end portion is pivotally mounted and is adapted to pivot approximately plus or minus ninety degrees relative to a longitudinal axis defined by the rod. An elongated delivery member detachably receives the anvil assembly and facilitates delivery of the anvil assembly to the operative site. The pivoting feature of the distal end reduces the transverse profile of the assembly which consequently facilitates introduction and advancement of the anvil assembly within the tubular organ.

Abstract: A detachable anvil assembly for use with an apparatus for performing circular anastomosis of tubular organs includes an elongated anvil rod having proximal and distal end portions and an anvil head mounted to the distal end portion of the anvil rod. The distal end portion is pivotally mounted and is adapted to pivot approximately plus or minus ninety degrees relative to a longitudinal axis defined by the rod. An elongated delivery member detachably receives the anvil assembly and facilitates delivery of the anvil assembly to the operative site. The pivoting feature of the distal end reduces the transverse profile of the assembly which consequently facilitates introduction and advancement of the anvil assembly within the tubular organ.

Abstract: A detachable anvil assembly for use with an apparatus for performing circular anastomosis of tubular organs includes an elongated anvil rod having proximal and distal end portions and an anvil head mounted to the distal end portion of the anvil rod. The distal end portion is pivotally mounted and is adapted to pivot approximately plus or minus ninety degrees relative to a longitudinal axis defined by the rod. An elongated delivery member detachably receives the anvil assembly and facilitates delivery of the anvil assembly to the operative site. The pivoting feature of the distal end reduces the transverse profile of the assembly which consequently facilitates introduction and advancement of the anvil assembly within the tubular organ.