Abstract: Ingestion of therapeutic agents are characterized by low bioavailability, a lengthy onset of action, and inconsistent absorption. A therapeutic formulation for pulmonary or sublingual administration of an active agent is disclosed. The therapeutic formulation includes an active agent that can be absorbed through the pulmonary membrane or sublingual tissues for rapid absorption and high bioavailability. In particular examples, the active agent includes nicotine or melatonin. The therapeutic formulation further includes a co-solvent and a propellant.

Abstract: An improved stem block for an inhaler that is fired in an upright orientation, providing easier and more reliable delivery of aerosols. The disclosed stem block demonstrates atomization efficiency that is superior to the performance of a conventional metered dose inhaler. The stem block has a passage that connects to a narrower expansion chamber. The expansion chamber connects to an exit orifice that is narrower than the expansion chamber. The exit orifice further connects to a conical outlet for dispensing an aerosol. The passage, the expansion chamber, and the exit orifice are axially aligned.

Abstract: An inhaler including a housing having a chamber to receive a valved canister and a stem block, and a mouthpiece in fluid communication with a passage of the stem block; and an actuation mechanism including configured to engage an outer surface of the stem block at a predefined angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the stem block to cause the downward movement of the stem block to activate the valve and release the aerosolizable liquid as the dose of the aerosolized spray out of the mouthpiece of the mechanical inhaler.

Abstract: An inhaler including a housing having a chamber to receive a valved canister and a stem block, and a mouthpiece in fluid communication with a passage of the stem block; and an actuation mechanism including configured to engage an outer surface of the stem block at a predefined angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the stem block to cause the downward movement of the stem block to activate the valve and release the aerosolizable liquid as the dose of the aerosolized spray out of the mouthpiece of the mechanical inhaler.

Abstract: A bottle cutter has a body having two generally arcuate components connected to each other by straight parallel members permitting one component to slide relative to the other component between an open, non-cutting position and a closed, cutting position. Each arcuate component includes a plurality of an inwardly facing rollers that facilitate rotation of a bottle held by the bottle cutter in the closed, cutting position. A cutting wheel disposed on one of the two components cuts, or at least scores, the bottle as the bottle is rotated. If the bottle is only scored, separation of the top and bottom portions of the bottle may be effected using hot and cold water to induce differential thermal stresses in the glass. The edge may be finished or polished using sandpaper or any other suitable abrasive material.

Abstract: A bottle cutter has a body having two generally arcuate components connected to each other by straight parallel members permitting one component to slide relative to the other component between an open, non-cutting position and a closed, cutting position. Each arcuate component includes a plurality of an inwardly facing rollers that facilitate rotation of a bottle held by the bottle cutter in the closed, cutting position. A cutting wheel disposed on one of the two components cuts, or at least scores, the bottle as the bottle is rotated. If the bottle is only scored, separation of the top and bottom portions of the bottle may be effected using hot and cold water to induce differential thermal stresses in the glass. The edge may be finished or polished using sandpaper or any other suitable abrasive material.