Abstract: Quaternary ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or bisulfate salts are made by a process comprising the steps of: (1) forming a first mixture by contacting a quaternary ammonium halide with: (a) a water-insoluble organic solvent capable of forming a ternary azeotrope with water and hydrogen halide and (b) an amount of water and sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid sufficient to maintain the temperature of the first mixture in the range of from about 98° C. to about 105° C. when heated; (2) heating the first mixture to a temperature sufficient to separate a ternary azeotrope comprised of hydrogen halide, water and the water-insoluble organic solvent from the first mixture to form a second mixture comprised of water, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, the water-insoluble organic solvent and a quaternary ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or bisulfate salt.

Abstract: Processes for purifying compounds are disclosed which include reacting (i) a mixture of at least one tocopherol compound or sterol compound, and an alcohol having from about 10 to 30 carbons with (i) one or more boron-containing compounds to form a second mixture of orthoborate esters, wherein the mole ratio of tocopherol, sterol and alcohol to boron is at least about 2.5:1; heating the second mixture to form a residue containing the orthoborate esters; contacting the residue with a compound capable of solvolyzing the orthoborate esters to form a third mixture including the boron-containing compound(s), the alcohol and the tocopherol and/or sterol compound(s); and recovering the tocopherol and/or sterol compound(s).

Abstract: A process for preparing high detergency or surfactant alkyl polyglycoside compositions and a purified alkyl monoglycoside and to compositions employing the polyglycosides for various end use applications. The process involves removal of a substantial portion of the monoglycoside present in a reaction product mixture containing alkyl polyglycosides resulting from the reaction of an alcohol and saccharide at elevated temperatures in the presence of an acid catalyst. Separation of the monoglycoside from the reaction product mixture may be carried out by molecular distillation.

Abstract: A composition for thickening aqueous based personal care products is comprised of a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; water; a nonionic surfactant and, a complex ester.

Abstract: A process for preparing high detergency or surfactant alkyl polyglycoside compositions and a purified alkyl monoglycoside and to compositions employing the polyglycosides for various end use applications. The process involves removal of a substantial portion of the monoglycoside present in a reaction product mixture containing alkyl polyglycosides resulting from the reaction of an alcohol and saccharide at elevated temperatures in the presence of an acid catalyst. Separation of the monoglycoside from the reaction product mixture may be carried out by molecular distillation.

Abstract: A process for making glycosides having enhance color properties comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a reducing saccharide with excess fatty alcohol to obtain a glycoside reaction mixture; (b) adding an effective amount of an unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, including hydroxy-substituted derivatives thereof and their salt, to the glycoside reaction mixture; and (c) evaporating excess fatty alcohol from the glycoside reaction mixture to form a glycoside mixture.

Abstract: A composition for thickening aqueous based personal care products is comprised of a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; water; a nonionic surfactant and, a complex ester.

Abstract: A composition for thickening aqueous based personal care products is comprised of a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; water; a nonionic surfactant and, an ester of an ethoxylated polyol.

Abstract: Glycoside products having a propensity to discolor and/or to exhibit haze under aqueous alkaline or neutral pH conditions can be stabilized to substantially reduce the extent of discoloration and to essentially eliminate any haze which might also be present by adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution of the alkyl glycoside product to about 7 prior to treatment with a metal borohydride material which at the end of the reaction period is consumed resulting in a stabilized alkyl polyglycoside product which does not exhibit a haze in an aqueous solution at a pH of about 7.

Abstract: A continuous method of bleaching an alkylpolyglycoside, substantially free of alcohol, with peroxy compounds, preferably hydrogen peroxide, which is highly efficient to provide an unexpected high degree of color reduction from a dark brown to a light, white product, from an extinction coefficient color respectively of about 10 to about 15 to about 0.025 to about 0.15. The bleaching is carried out at controlled pH and temperature, under pressure preferably in the presence of Mg or MgO.

Abstract: Highly concentrated mixtures of surfactants are obtained by a method which comprises adding the acid form of a neutralizable surfactant to an aqueous composition comprised of a base and an alkyl polyglycoside.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of preparation of an alkylpolyglycoside containing a long chain alkyl group of about 10 carbon atoms or more by reaction of a saccharide and a long chain alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, particularly an improvement in the process to inhibit or minimize condenser fouling during the processing either in the removal of water from the reactor to promote completion of the reaction or in subsequent processing of the reaction product stream wherein the stream is heated at elevated temperatures and vacuum to remove excess alcohol and residual water, or water introduced into the process stream by steam ejectors in an evaporator, after leaving the reactor. The improvement includes the addition of an alcohol having a carbon chain of a number less than the carbon chain of the alkyl group of the alkylpolyglycoside product either along with the reactant alcohol to produce the polyglycoside, or to the product stream at evaporation of the excess alcohol and residual water.

Abstract: A process has been discovered for making alkyl polyglycoside which comprises reacting a fatty alcohol having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms with a sugar, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to form a product of alkyl polyglycoside and excess fatty alcohol. The molar ratio of fatty alcohol to sugar, respectively, is at least 2:1. The excess fatty alcohol is then separated from the alkyl polyglycoside product. Once separated, the excess fatty alcohol is then reacted with a source of boric acid to form a mixture comprised of one or more borate esters of the fatty alcohol and inert compounds. The non-hydroxylic compounds are then separated from the borate esters. The substantially pure fatty alcohol is then returned to the beginning of the process for use in the formation of alkyl polyglycoside.

Abstract: A composition for thickening aqueous based personal care products is comprised of a cosolvent selected from the group consisting of a diol, the mono alkyl ether of a diol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alcohol, a salt of a sulfated ethoxylated alkyl phenol, and a complex organic phosphate ester; water; a nonionic surfactant and, an ester of an ethoxylated polyol.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing an alkylpolyglycoside wherein the alkyl group contains about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, prepared by reacting a saccharide and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, and subsequently removing excess unreacted alcohol, the improvement comprising adding to the reaction product an oxide, such as MgO, and removing the excess unreacted alcohol by thin film evaporation under vacuum at temperatures up to about 240.degree. C. under sparging or non-sparging condition with an inert gas.

Abstract: Light-colored alkyl or alkenyl oligoglucosides are obtained by a process in which glucose or aqueous starch degradation products are reacted with fatty alcohols in the presence of acidic catalysts which are obtained by partial sulfation of C.sub.4-22 fatty alcohols.

Abstract: A process for preparing aliphatic polysaccharides in which a slurry of a hydrous saccharide source in a first portion of aliphatic alcohol is introduced into a second portion of the aliphatic alcohol maintained at an elevated temperature and under a reduced pressure to form a mixture of saccharide source and alcohol with a reduced water content, introducing an acid catalyst into the mixture with the reduced water content and reacting the aliphatic alcohol with the saccharide source to form an aliphatic glycoside.

Abstract: A process for preparing high detergency or surfactant alkyl polyglycoside compositions and a purified alkyl monoglycoside and to compositions employing the polyglycosides for various end use applications. The process involves removal of a substantial portion of the monoglycoside present in a reaction product mixture containing alkyl polyglycosides resulting from the reaction of an alcohol and saccharide at elevated temperatures in the presence of an acid catalyst. Separation of the monoglycoside from the reaction product mixture may be carried out by molecular distillation.

Abstract: A continuous method of bleaching an alkylpolyglycoside, substantially free of alcohol, with peroxy compounds, preferably hydrogen peroxide, which is highly efficient to provide an unexpected high degree of color reduction from a dark brown to a light, which product, from an extinction coefficient color respectively of about 10 to about 15 to about 0.025 to about 0.15. The bleaching is carried out at controlled pH and temperature, under pressure preferably in the presence of Mg. The use of a prebleached heel or feed prior to introduction of the unbleached material to be bleached results in a faster approach to equilibrium, steady state, bleaching conditions which results in minimum chemical usage and more rapid production of low color.

Abstract: Glycoside products having a propensity to discolor and/or to exhibit haze under aqueous alkaline or neutral pH conditions can be stabilized to substantially reduce the extent of discoloration and to essentially eliminate any haze which might also be present by adjusting the pH of a hydrogen peroxide-free aqueous solution of the alkyl glycoside product to about 7 prior to treatment with a metal borohydride material which at the end of the reaction period is consumed resulting in a stabilized alkyl polyglycoside product which does not exhibit a haze in an aqueous solution at a pH of about 7.