Abstract: A computer-implemented method for training a machine learning system. The method includes: ascertaining a first training time series of input signals and a desired training output signal which corresponds to the first training time series, the desired training output signal characterizing a desired classification and/or a desired regression result of the first training time series; ascertaining a first adversarial example when is an overlap between the first training time series and an ascertained first adversarial perturbation, a first noise value of the first adversarial perturbation is not greater than a specifiable threshold, and the specifiable threshold is based on the ascertained noise values of the training time series; ascertaining a training output signal for the first adversarial example using the machine learning system; and adapting at least one parameter of the machine learning system according to a gradient of a loss value.

Abstract: A computer-implemented machine learning system configured to ascertain an output signal based on a time series of input signals of a technical system. The output signal characterizes a classification and/or a regression result of at least one first operating state and/or at least one first operating variable of the technical system. The training of the machine learning system includes: ascertaining a first training time series of input signals from a plurality of training time series and a desired training output signal which corresponds to the first training time series; ascertaining a worst possible training time series which characterizes an overlap of the first training time series with an ascertained first noise signal; ascertaining a training output signal based on the worst possible training time series using the machine learning system; and adapting at least one parameter of the machine learning system according to a gradient of a loss value.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a blowoff valve in an engine system having a supercharged internal combustion engine, the blowoff valve being situated in a blowoff line around a compressor of a supercharging device, by performing the following: detecting a compressor rotational speed indication of the supercharging device; and determining a malfunction of the blowoff valve if the compressor rotational speed indication includes an oscillation after the blowoff valve is activated for opening the blowoff valve.

Abstract: A method for testing a supercharger actuator for a supercharger of a supercharged internal combustion engine, including adjusting the supercharger actuator from a first position to a second position, determining a rotational speed change information, which is a function of the change of the rotational speed of the supercharger resulting from the adjustment, and establishing a malfunction of the supercharger actuator as a function of the rotational speed change information.

Abstract: In a method for operating an internal combustion engine having a compressor, the diagnosing of a clutch of the compressor is achieved without an additional sensor system. The compressor is turned on via the clutch, and a variable characterizing the air-mass flow to the internal combustion engine is ascertained. A first value of the variable characterizing the air mass flow before turning on the compressor is compared to a second value of the variable characterizing the air mass flow after turning on the compressor by closing the clutch, and an error is detected as a function of a deviation between the first value and the second value of the variable characterizing the air mass flow.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an internal combustion engine having a mass-flow line are provided, which allow the actual charge to be adapted to the setpoint charge of the internal combustion engine at a desired dynamic. A mass flow is supplied to the internal combustion engine via the mass-flow line. A setpoint value is specified for a characteristic quantity of the mass flow to the internal combustion engine. The setpoint value of the characteristic quantity of the mass flow is formed starting from a balance of the mass flow flowing into the mass flow line and the mass flow discharged from the mass flow line according to a predefined time characteristic.

Abstract: A method for controlling an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine includes: determining a setpoint power to be output by the internal combustion engine; and limiting an exhaust gas flow conducted through the exhaust gas recirculation system based on the setpoint power.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining a cylinder charge of an internal combustion engine of a vehicle achievable within a certain time period. In this case, a charging behavior of an air system, in particular of an intake manifold and of a charge air line, of the combustion engine is ascertained within the certain time period as a function of the instantaneous operating variables of the internal combustion engine, as well as of a dynamic of a final control element of the air system, in particular of a throttle valve. The cylinder charge achievable within the certain time period is ascertained as a function of the ascertained charging behavior of the air system and as a function of a charge buildup by a charger.

Abstract: A method for testing a supercharger actuator for a supercharger of a supercharged internal combustion engine, including adjusting the supercharger actuator from a first position to a second position, determining a rotational speed change information, which is a function of the change of the rotational speed of the supercharger resulting from the adjustment, and establishing a malfunction of the supercharger actuator as a function of the rotational speed change information.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a blowoff valve in an engine system having a supercharged internal combustion engine, the blowoff valve being situated in a blowoff line around a compressor of a supercharging device, by performing the following: detecting a compressor rotational speed indication of the supercharging device; and determining a malfunction of the blowoff valve if the compressor rotational speed indication includes an oscillation after the blowoff valve is activated for opening the blowoff valve.

Abstract: A method for providing a characteristic quantity for a state of an air system of a supercharged internal combustion engine includes: detecting a characteristic quantity measured value as characteristic quantity information with the aid of a sensor; providing a characteristic quantity model, using which a characteristic quantity model value is computed on the basis of one or more quantities different from the characteristic quantity measured value; and providing the characteristic quantity either based on the characteristic quantity measured value or on the characteristic quantity model value computed by the characteristic quantity model, as a function of a state of the air system.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing an electrically controllable pop-off valve of a turbo-charging device of an internal combustion engine, which pop-off valve is situated in a pop-off pipe bypassing the compressor, includes: providing a reading regarding an air mass flow supplied by an air supply channel to the internal combustion engine; after the activation of the pop-off valve in order to switch over the pop-off valve, analyzing the time curve of the air mass flow reading in order to determine, within a specified time after the beginning of the activation of the pop-off valve, a local maximum of the air mass flow indicated by the air mass flow reading; and detecting a fault of the electrically controllable pop-off valve if the local maximum of the air mass flow is not able to be determined within the specified time.

Abstract: In a method for operating an internal combustion engine having a compressor, the diagnosing of a clutch of the compressor is achieved without an additional sensor system. The compressor is turned on via the clutch, and a variable characterizing the air-mass flow to the internal combustion engine is ascertained. A first value of the variable characterizing the air mass flow before turning on the compressor is compared to a second value of the variable characterizing the air mass flow after turning on the compressor by closing the clutch, and an error is detected as a function of a deviation between the first value and the second value of the variable characterizing the air mass flow.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing a diverter valve of an internal combustion engine having a compressor is provided, for which diagnosis a variation over time of a charging pressure of the internal combustion engine as a result of a predefined triggering of the diverter valve is analyzed, the triggering of the diverter valve taking place in such a way that a diverter valve moved in the direction of its closing position is expected. Depending on the resulting variation over time of the charging pressure, an open jamming diverter valve is diagnosed if the variation over time of the charging pressure is not plausible with an expected variation over time for a diverter valve moved in the direction of its closing position.

Abstract: A method and a device for operating an internal combustion engine having a mass-flow line are provided, which allow the actual charge to be adapted to the setpoint charge of the internal combustion engine at a desired dynamic. A mass flow is supplied to the internal combustion engine via the mass-flow line. A setpoint value is specified for a characteristic quantity of the mass flow to the internal combustion engine. The setpoint value of the characteristic quantity of the mass flow is formed starting from a balance of the mass flow flowing into the mass flow line and the mass flow discharged from the mass flow line according to a predefined time characteristic.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing pressure sensors of an air supply of an internal combustion engine, the air supply having an intake port, which, viewed in the air supply direction, leads into at least two sub-ports, via which air is suppliable to different cylinder banks of the internal combustion engine, a first pressure sensor being assigned to a first sub-port, a second pressure sensor being assigned to a second sub-port, and a third pressure sensor being assigned to the intake port, a first air mass flow associated with the first pressure sensor, a second air mass flow associated with the second pressure sensor and a third air mass flow associated with the third pressure sensor being ascertained, pressure values ascertained by the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor being compared to each other and the sum of the first air mass flow and the second air mass flow being compared to the third air mass flow.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing an electrically controllable pop-off valve of a turbo-charging device of an internal combustion engine, which pop-off valve is situated in a pop-off pipe bypassing the compressor, includes: providing a reading regarding an air mass flow supplied by an air supply channel to the internal combustion engine; after the activation of the pop-off valve in order to switch over the pop-off valve, analyzing the time curve of the air mass flow reading in order to determine, within a specified time after the beginning of the activation of the pop-off valve, a local maximum of the air mass flow indicated by the air mass flow reading; and detecting a fault of the electrically controllable pop-off valve if the local maximum of the air mass flow is not able to be determined within the specified time.

Abstract: A method for providing a characteristic quantity for a state of an air system of a supercharged internal combustion engine includes: detecting a characteristic quantity measured value as characteristic quantity information with the aid of a sensor; providing a characteristic quantity model, using which a characteristic quantity model value is computed on the basis of one or more quantities different from the characteristic quantity measured value; and providing the characteristic quantity either based on the characteristic quantity measured value or on the characteristic quantity model value computed by the characteristic quantity model, as a function of a state of the air system.

Abstract: A method for setting a mass flow rate of air to be provided in a charging mode; in the charging mode (where a throttle valve is open), the pressure prevailing in an induction pipe only being set via an adjustable mass flow rate of supplied air; a requested torque corresponding to a mass flow rate of air into a cylinder, the mass flow rate of air into the cylinder being adjustable via the pressure in the induction pipe; to set the mass flow rate of air into the cylinder, the pressure in the induction pipe being adjusted by a control system in accordance with a specifiable dynamic charge response characteristic.

Abstract: A method for setting a mass flow rate of air to be provided in a charging mode; in the charging mode (where a throttle valve is open), the pressure prevailing in an induction pipe only being set via an adjustable mass flow rate of supplied air; a requested torque corresponding to a mass flow rate of air into a cylinder, the mass flow rate of air into the cylinder being adjustable via the pressure in the induction pipe; to set the mass flow rate of air into the cylinder, the pressure in the induction pipe being adjusted by a control system in accordance with a specifiable dynamic charge response characteristic.