Abstract: A process for producing a calcium phosphate reactant, according to which: in a first step, use is made of a source of calcium and a source of phosphate ions in water, in a molar ratio that is adjusted so as to obtain a Ca/P molar ratio of between 0.5 and 1.6, and the source of calcium is reacted with the phosphate ions at a pH of between 2 and 8, in order to obtain a suspension (A) of calcium phosphate, and in a second step, added to the suspension (A) are an alkaline compound comprising hydroxide ions in order to set a pH of more than 8 and an additional source of calcium in order to obtain a suspension (B) of calcium phosphate reactant having a Ca/P molar ratio of more than 1.6. A calcium phosphate reactant obtainable by such a process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymer membrane comprising a hydrogen bond donor polymer and a hydrogen bond acceptor polymer and to the use of such membrane as the shell of a capsule. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a polymer membrane comprising a step of contacting an aqueous phase comprising a first polymer, and an oil phase comprising a second different polymer; wherein one polymer is a hydrogen bond donor polymer and the other polymer is a hydrogen bond acceptor polymer. The invention also relates to a method of encapsulation comprising a step of manufacturing a polymer membrane.

Abstract: A method of encapsulation of an active comprising (a) dispersing an active in an aqueous medium having a pH of less than 6; (b) causing the formation on this dispersed active of a polymer shell, the formation comprising the sequential deposition of a series of polymeric layers, each layer being capable of hydrogen bonding with the preceding layer; to form an aqueous slurry of active-containing capsules; characterised in that one of the first two layers is a polycarboxylic acid and that the first two to four layers taken together exhibit an interfacial compression dilation modulus of greater than 10 mN/m. The method allows the precise tailoring of polymeric shells, allowing capsules walls to be much thinner without a loss of strength. The technique is especially useful for the encapsulation of fragrances and flavours.

Abstract: A process for producing a calcium phosphate reactant, according to which: in a first step, use is made of a source of calcium and a source of phosphate ions in water, in a molar ratio that is adjusted so as to obtain a Ca/P molar ratio of between 0.5 and 1.6, and the source of calcium is reacted with the phosphate ions at a pH of between 2 and 8, in order to obtain a suspension (A) of calcium phosphate, and in a second step, added to the suspension (A) are an alkaline compound comprising hydroxide ions in order to set a pH of more than 8 and an additional source of calcium in order to obtain a suspension (B) of calcium phosphate reactant having a Ca/P molar ratio of more than 1.6. A calcium phosphate reactant obtainable by such a process.

Abstract: A process for producing a calcium phosphate reactant, according to which: in a first step, use is made of a source of calcium and a source of phosphate ions in water, in a molar ratio that is adjusted so as to obtain a Ca/P molar ratio of between 0.5 and 1.6, and the source of calcium is reacted with the phosphate ions at a pH of between 2 and 8, in order to obtain a suspension (A) of calcium phosphate, and in a second step, added to the suspension (A) are an alkaline compound comprising hydroxide ions in order to set a pH of more than 8 and an additional source of calcium in order to obtain a suspension (B) of calcium phosphate reactant having a Ca/P molar ratio of more than 1.6. A calcium phosphate reactant obtainable by such a process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymer membrane comprising a hydrogen bond donor polymer and a hydrogen bond acceptor polymer and to the use of such membrane as the shell of a capsule. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a polymer membrane comprising a step of contacting an aqueous phase comprising a first polymer, and an oil phase comprising a second different polymer; wherein one polymer is a hydrogen bond donor polymer and the other polymer is a hydrogen bond acceptor polymer. The invention also relates to a method of encapsulation comprising a step of manufacturing a polymer membrane.

Abstract: A reactive composition comprising between 60% and 98% by weight of sodium bicarbonate, between 1% and 40% by weight of sodium carbonate and between 0.02% and 2.0% by weight of ammonia, expressed in the form of ammonium ions NH4+, and comprising from 0.01 to 5% by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and fatty acid salts.

Abstract: Core-shell capsules comprising a fragrance-containing core and a shell formed around said core, wherein the shell is formed of polycarboxylic acid having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 10,000,000 Daltons

Abstract: Process for treating a gas contaminated by at least one element selected from the group consisting of heavy metals, organic compounds, and combinations thereof, wherein a calcium-phosphate reactant (reagent) particle comprising apatite is brought into contact with the contaminated gas at a temperature of at least 30° C. and preferably at most 1100° C. The metal(s) and/or organic compound(s) to be removed from the contaminated gas may be selected among the list of: Al, Ag, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ce, Co, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hf, Hg, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Y, Zn, Zr, VOC, aromatic compounds, PAHs, dioxins, furans, or any mixture thereof. In such process, an alkaline compound particle comprising sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate (trona), quick lime, hydrated lime, lime stone or combinations thereof, may be further brought into contact with the contaminated gas.

Abstract: A process for producing a calcium phosphate reactant, according to which: in a first step, use is made of a source of calcium and a source of phosphate ions in water, in a molar ratio that is adjusted so as to obtain a Ca/P molar ratio of between 0.5 and 1.6, and the source of calcium is reacted with the phosphate ions at a pH of between 2 and 8, in order to obtain a suspension (A) of calcium phosphate, and in a second step, added to the suspension (A) are an alkaline compound comprising hydroxide ions in order to set a pH of more than 8 and an additional source of calcium in order to obtain a suspension (B) of calcium phosphate reactant having a Ca/P molar ratio of more than 1.6. A calcium phosphate reactant obtainable by such a process.

Abstract: Reactive composition comprising between 60% and 98% by weight of sodium bicarbonate, between 1% and 40% by weight of sodium carbonate and between 0.02% and 2.0% by weight of ammonia, expressed in the form of ammonium ions NH4+, characterized in that the composition comprises less than 1.0% by weight of water.

Abstract: A reactive composition comprising between 60% and 98% by weight of sodium bicarbonate, between 1% and 40% by weight of sodium carbonate and between 0.02% and 2.0% by weight of ammonia, expressed in the form of ammonium ions NH4+, and comprising from 0.01 to 5% by weight of a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and fatty acid salts.

Abstract: Core-shell capsules comprising a fragrance-containing core and a shell formed around said core, wherein the shell is formed of polycarboxylic acid having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 10,000,000 Daltons

Abstract: A method of encapsulation of an active comprising (a) dispersing an active in an aqueous medium having a pH of less than 6; (b) causing the formation on this dispersed active of a polymer shell, the formation comprising the sequential deposition of a series of polymeric layers, each layer being capable of hydrogen bonding with the preceding layer; to form an aqueous slurry of active-containing capsules; characterised in that one of the first two layers is a polycarboxylic acid and that the first two to four layers taken together exhibit an interfacial compression dilation modulus of greater than 10 mN/m. The method allows the precise tailoring of polymeric shells, allowing capsules walls to be much thinner without a loss of strength. The technique is especially useful for the encapsulation of fragrances and flavours.

Abstract: The invention concerns modified hydrophobic polyelectrolytes by amide formation of a hydrophilic skeleton by n-alkylamines whereof the alkyl chain comprises 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferably, the amide formation is obtained by di-n-dodecylamine. The hydrophilic skeleton is preferably a sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid corresponding to a statistical acrylate-AMPS copolymer. Said polymers can be used for stabilizing direct or invert emulsions likely to be destabilized or inverted by a modification in the degree of salinity of the aqueous phase or a pH modification. The invention is particularly useful for stabilizing oil drilling fluids or the like in particular drilling, fracturation, acidification or completion fluids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the development of hydrophobically modified polymers [HMPs], which have emerged as promising materials in diverse fields such as paints, cosmetics, oils, food and textiles. They are used as thickeners in these applications. In our study, the hydrophobic modification on PAA was performed using hydrophobic compounds obtained from naturally occurring materials such as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, [CNSL]. The DCCI coupling method was chosen for the hydrophobic modification of PAA. A series of hydrophobically modified PAAs were synthesized with different degrees of hydrophobic contents and were characterized by solution rheology.

Abstract: The invention concerns modified hydrophobic polyelectrolytes by amide formation of a hydrophilic skeleton by n-alkylamines whereof the alkyl chain comprises 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferably, the amide formation is obtained by di-n-dodecylamine. The hydrophilic skeleton is preferably a sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid corresponding to a statistical acrylate-AMPS copolymer. Said polymers can be used for stabilizing direct or invert emulsions likely to be destabilized or inverted by a modification in the degree of salinity of the aqueous phase or a pH modification. The invention is particularly useful for stabilizing oil drilling fluids or the like in particular drilling, fracturation, acidification or completion fluids.

Abstract: The invention concerns modified hydrophobic polyelectrolytes by amide formation of a hydrophilic skeleton by n-alkylamines whereof the alkyl chain comprises 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Preferably, the amide formation is obtained by di-n-dodecylamine. The hydrophilic skeleton is preferably a sodium polyacrylate or polyacrylic acid corresponding to a statistical acrylate-AMPS copolymer. Said polymers can be used for stabilizing direct or invert emulsions likely to be destabilized or inverted by a modification in the degree of salinity of the aqueous phase or a pH modification. The invention is particularly useful for stabilizing oil drilling fluids or the like in particular drilling, fracturation, acidification or completion fluids.

Abstract: Dispenser apparatus for dispensing paper toweling includes structure for damping forces applied to a roll of paper toweling when overspin slack is taken up and modifying cutter blade timing to reduce peak pull force during dispensing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the development of hydrophobically modified polymers [HMPs], which have emerged as promising materials in diverse fields such as paints, cosmetics, oils, food and textiles. They are used as thickeners in these applications. In our study, the hydrophobic modification on PAA was performed using hydrophobic compounds obtained from naturally occurring materials such as Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, [CNSL]. The DCCI coupling method was chosen for the hydrophobic modification of PAA. A series of hydrophobically modified PAAs were synthesized with different degrees of hydrophobic contents and were characterized by solution rheology.