Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for the synthesis of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid or its salt which includes the steps of reacting tetraphosphorus hexaoxide and acetic acid under controlled reaction conditions; hydrolyzing the formed ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid condensates to form ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid; further processing the ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid solution. The process according to the method of the present invention is highly controllable and further is characterized by a high selectivity.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of a heterocyclic hydrogen phosphine oxide, having the general formula: wherein: R is a aliphatic or aromatic divalent group optionally including one or more heteroatoms and optionally having one or more substituents and X and Y are independently selected from —O—, —C(O)O— and —NR?— wherein R? is a monovalent group optionally having one or more heteroatoms including the steps of: a) forming a reaction mixture by mixing a compound having the general formula HX—R—YH and tetraphosphorus hexaoxide; and b) recovering the resulting compound comprising the heterocyclic hydrogen phosphine oxide.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for the synthesis of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid or its salt which includes the steps of reacting tetraphosphorus hexaoxide and acetic acid under controlled reaction conditions; hydrolyzing the formed ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid condensates to form ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid; further processing the ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid solution. The process according to the method of the present invention is highly controllable and further is characterized by a high selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a new method for the synthesis of alkane-1-hydroxy-,1-diphosphonic acid or its salts which includes the steps of —reacting tetraphosphorus hexaoxide and a carboxylic acid under controlled reaction conditions; —hydrolyzing the formed alkane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid condensates to form alkane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid; —precipitating the alkane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid through the use of a suitable solvent; —filtering the alkane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid and recovering the mother liquor and the suitable solvent.1 The process according to the method of the present invention is highly controllable and is further characterized by a high selectivity.

Abstract: A method is for the manufacture of aqueous solutions of alkali metal salt of carboxymethyl fructan. More specifically the method for the manufacture of aqueous solutions includes at least 20% by weight of alkali metal salt of carboxymethyl fructan having a degree of carboxymethyl substitution of at least 1.2.

Abstract: Heat transfer fluids which can be used over a broad range of temperatures such as from ?125° C. to +175° C. are disclosed. These transfer fluids consist essentially of a mixture of two either narrowly defined structurally non-identical alkyl- or polyalkyl-benzene components or a mixture of a narrowly defined aromatic alkyl- or polyalkyl-benzene component and an aliphatic hydrocarbons component. The level of the various ingredients is such that the transfer fluids exhibit a cloud point below ?100° C., a vapor pressure at +175° C. below 827 kPa and a viscosity, measured at the cloud point temperature +10° C., below 400 cP.

Abstract: Heat transfer fluids which can be used over a broad range of temperatures such as from 175° C. to ?145° C. are disclosed. The heat transfer fluids consist essentially of a mixture of at least two structurally non-identical cycloalkane-alkyl or -polyalkyl compounds, or a mixture of at least two structurally non-identical aliphatic hydrocarbons, or a mixture of a cycloalkane-alkyl or -polyalkyl compound and an aliphatic hydrocarbon. The individual components are present at levels such as to confer to the fluid composition a cloud point below ?100° C., a vapor pressure at +175° C. below 1300 kPa, and a viscosity, measured at the cloud point temperature +10° C., below 400 cP.