Abstract: A lightweight, compact breathing device for firefighters includes a housing having a one end for receiving hot air, a coolant storage cylinder disposed within the housing, an expansion valve in fluid communication with the coolant storage cylinder, a heat exchanger disposed within the housing having a one end in fluid communication with the expansion valve and having another opposite end, a coolant exhaust hose in fluid communication with the opposite end of the heat exchanger, and a mouthpiece in fluid communication with the housing. In use, the expansion valve is opened so that coolant flows from the coolant storage cylinder through the heat exchanger so that air passing through the housing from the one end to the mouthpiece through the heat exchanger is cooled by coolant passing from the coolant storage cylinder through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method for reducing the dynamic range of FT-ICR signal generated by the SWIFT technique includes the step of time shifting wave packets corresponding to segments of the Fourier spectral magnitude function to prevent coherent summing of the various frequency components of the excitation signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for conducting FT/ICR experimentation and acquiring data using a personal computer and a fast buffer board. The apparatus has the capability of generating an ion excitation signal and acquiring results from the FT/ICR experiment. Those results are then digitized and stored in memory on the fast buffer board. Once the results have been stored in the fast buffer board memory, they are transferred to the personal computer where they can be processed and interpreted by the user.