Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for bridging native tokens. Various aspects may include initializing a first blockchain by allocating a plurality of native tokens. Aspects may also include transferring, using a bridge, one or more transactions from a second blockchain to the first blockchain using locked tokens on the second blockchain as collateral. Aspects may also include minting new native tokens at the first blockchain when a value of transactions sum to the plurality of native tokens and the plurality of native tokens are backed by the locked tokens. Aspects may also include reporting, to the second blockchain, the amount of tokens used for the transaction fees in the one or more transactions. Aspects may also include burning, at the second blockchain, tokens corresponding to the amount of tokens used for paying transaction fees.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine -readable media for proposing blocks to be added to a blockchain. Various aspects may include performing adding block headers to a first blockchain, wherein the block headers reference a set of validators. Aspects may also include adding a temporal parameter to each block header. Aspects may also include determining, based on a block signature from a block header and from the set of validators, a proposer of candidate blocks for addition to the blockchain. Aspects may also include sampling, based on a temporal parameter, a subset of validators of the set of validators. Aspects may include increasing the proposer to a plurality of proposers from the subset of validators by an incremental quantity based on a comparison of the temporal parameter to a threshold.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for implementing a compaction-less database structure. Various aspects may include identifying nodes in a most recent revision of a database structure stored on disk corresponding to locations of node changes in a current proposal. Aspects may also include persisting node addresses for nodes that have changed from the most recent revision in the current proposal to a future-delete list (also kept on disk). Aspects may also include writing only the new nodes including a root node to disk. Aspects may also include updating a root address on disk based on the root node. Aspects may also include committing the proposal as a new revision of the database structure.

Abstract: A method for blockchain management includes receiving a first definition for a custom blockchain on a blockchain platform, the first definition including definitions for default data structures. The method further includes initializing a virtual machine and configuring the virtual machine using the first definition. The method further includes receiving a second definition for the custom blockchain, the second definition including definitions for user-defined data structures. The method further includes further configuring the virtual machine using the second definition and executing the custom blockchain on the virtual machine.

Abstract: In some implementations, a method for processing state transition proofs in multi-blockchain ecosystems is provided. A registry blockchain network receives validator data that represents a validator set of a transaction blockchain network that is different from the registry blockchain network. The registry blockchain network stores the validator data on a registry blockchain, among validator data that represents other validator sets of other transaction blockchain networks. A registry client of the registry blockchain network receives a transaction identifier of a transaction that is purported to have been submitted by a transaction client to the transaction blockchain network, and evidence data of a committed state that indicates that the transaction has been included in a block that has been added to the transaction blockchain. The registry client independently verifies the evidence data of the committed state, based at least in part on the stored validator data.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for proposing blocks to be added to a blockchain. Various aspects may include performing adding block headers to a first blockchain, wherein the block headers reference a set of validators. Aspects may also include adding a temporal parameter to each block header. Aspects may also include determining, based on a block signature from a block header and from the set of validators, a proposer of candidate blocks for addition to the blockchain. Aspects may also include sampling, based on a temporal parameter, a subset of validators of the set of validators. Aspects may include increasing the proposer to a plurality of proposers from the subset of validators by an incremental quantity based on a comparison of the temporal parameter to a threshold.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for implementing a compaction-less database structure. Various aspects may include identifying nodes in a most recent revision of a database structure stored on disk corresponding to locations of node changes in a current proposal. Aspects may also include persisting node addresses for nodes that have changed from the most recent revision in the current proposal to a future-delete list (also kept on disk). Aspects may also include writing only the new nodes including a root node to disk. Aspects may also include updating a root address on disk based on the root node. Aspects may also include committing the proposal as a new revision of the database structure.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for cross-chain communication in a blockchain platform. Various aspects may include accepting, at a first blockchain, a first transaction including a message and a message payload. Aspects may also include validating, at the first blockchain, the message by signing the message using signature keys of one or more validators in a first set of validators of the first blockchain. Aspects may also include generating an aggregate signature based on the signature keys of the one or more validators in a first set of validators. Aspects may also include submitting a second transaction on to a second blockchain, the second transaction including the message and the aggregate signature. Aspects may include validating, at the second blockchain, the second transaction based on a shared registry.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for providing an application trusted execution environment. Various aspects may include performing attestation of each application enclave of a plurality of application enclaves for a plurality of applications. Aspects may also include receiving a request from a client. Aspects may also include selecting a load balancer to forward the request to the application enclaves. Aspects may also include determining a sensitivity level of the request that is associated with a secured environment parameter. Aspects may include routing, by an enclave server of the load balancer, the request to an application enclave according to the sensitivity level for execution of an application of the plurality of applications in the application trusted execution environment.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for cross-chain communication in a blockchain platform. Various aspects may include accepting, at a first blockchain, a first transaction including a message and a message payload. Aspects may also include validating, at the first blockchain, the message by signing the message using signature keys of one or more validators in a first set of validators of the first blockchain. Aspects may also include generating an aggregate signature based on the signature keys of the one or more validators in a first set of validators. Aspects may also include submitting a second transaction on to a second blockchain, the second transaction including the message and the aggregate signature. Aspects may include validating, at the second blockchain, the second transaction based on a shared registry.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for executing transactions in a blockchain network. Various aspects may include receiving one or more transactions issued from an account, the account comprising a bond balance. Aspects may also include partitioning the transactions into a set of validators. Aspects may also include producing, at the set of validators, chunks including the transactions. Aspects may also include replicating the chunks to nodes in the blockchain network. Aspects may also include generating, based on receiving at least a threshold of stake signatures from the nodes, blocks that reference the replicated chunks. Aspects may include distributing, from the bond balance, funds to the nodes for including the replicated chunks in the blocks.

Abstract: A method for blockchain management includes receiving a first definition for a custom blockchain on a blockchain platform, the first definition including definitions for default data structures. The method further includes initializing a virtual machine and configuring the virtual machine using the first definition. The method further includes receiving a second definition for the custom blockchain, the second definition including definitions for user-defined data structures. The method further includes further configuring the virtual machine using the second definition and executing the custom blockchain on the virtual machine.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for bridging native tokens. Various aspects may include initializing a first blockchain by allocating a plurality of native tokens. Aspects may also include transferring, using a bridge, one or more transactions from a second blockchain to the first blockchain using locked tokens on the second blockchain as collateral. Aspects may also include minting new native tokens at the first blockchain when a value of transactions sum to the plurality of native tokens and the plurality of native tokens are backed by the locked tokens. Aspects may also include reporting, to the second blockchain, the amount of tokens used for the transaction fees in the one or more transactions. Aspects may also include burning, at the second blockchain, tokens corresponding to the amount of tokens used for paying transaction fees.

Abstract: A method for operating virtual machines in a blockchain network is provided. The method includes requesting, by an agent, a recent block hash to use for transaction construction and a target complexity to mine, constructing, by the agent, a transaction comprising at least a public key and/or a virtual machine transaction, and periodically creating, by a block producer, a block comprising a set of transactions that surpass a minimum complexity. A system including a memory storing instructions and a processor configured to execute the instructions to cause the system to perform the above method is also provided.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for cross-chain communication in a blockchain platform. Various aspects may include accepting, at a first blockchain, a first transaction including a message and a message payload. Aspects may also include validating, at the first blockchain, the message by signing the message using signature keys of one or more validators in a first set of validators of the first blockchain. Aspects may also include generating an aggregate signature based on the signature keys of the one or more validators in a first set of validators. Aspects may also include submitting a second transaction on to a second blockchain, the second transaction including the message and the aggregate signature. Aspects may include validating, at the second blockchain, the second transaction based on a shared registry.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for providing a digital credential. Various aspects may include receiving a request for execution of a transaction on a blockchain. Aspects may also include identifying a party that originated the request. Aspects may also include selecting an issuer of a non-transferable credential stored on the blockchain. Aspects may also include requesting receipt of the non-transferable credential from the party. Aspects may include performing a credential check based on a digitally signed statement comprising key pairs of the non-transferable credential.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for managing and indexing content in a blockchain platform. Various aspects may include receiving, at the blockchain platform, content-addressable data. Aspects may also include indexing the content-addressable data. Aspects may also include generating and serving a recommendation including the content-addressable data for one or more users based on user preferences. Aspects may also include receiving an interaction from the one or more users based on the recommendation. Aspects may include updating a state of a blockchain on the blockchain platform based on the interaction.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for cross-chain communication in a blockchain platform. Various aspects may include accepting, at a first blockchain, a first transaction including a message and a message payload. Aspects may also include validating, at the first blockchain, the message by signing the message using signature keys of one or more validators in a first set of validators of the first blockchain. Aspects may also include generating an aggregate signature based on the signature keys of the one or more validators in a first set of validators. Aspects may also include submitting a second transaction on to a second blockchain, the second transaction including the message and the aggregate signature. Aspects may include validating, at the second blockchain, the second transaction based on a shared registry.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for cross-chain communication in a blockchain platform. Various aspects may include accepting, at a first blockchain, a first transaction including a message and a message payload. Aspects may also include validating, at the first blockchain, the message by signing the message using signature keys of one or more validators in a first set of validators of the first blockchain. Aspects may also include generating an aggregate signature based on the signature keys of the one or more validators in a first set of validators. Aspects may also include submitting a second transaction on to a second blockchain, the second transaction including the message and the aggregate signature. Aspects may include validating, at the second blockchain, the second transaction based on a shared registry.

Abstract: Various aspects of the subject technology relate to systems, methods, and machine-readable media for proposing blocks to be added to a blockchain. Various aspects may include performing adding block headers to a first blockchain, wherein the block headers reference a set of validators. Aspects may also include adding a temporal parameter to each block header. Aspects may also include determining, based on a block signature from a block header and from the set of validators, a proposer of candidate blocks for addition to the blockchain. Aspects may also include sampling, based on a temporal parameter, a subset of validators of the set of validators. Aspects may include increasing the proposer to a plurality of proposers from the subset of validators by an incremental quantity based on a comparison of the temporal parameter to a threshold.