Abstract: The disclosed subject matter relates to techniques for methods and systems for non-reagent chloride analysis in an acid copper plating bath, using a blend of VMS (Virgin Makeup Solution) to generate Ag+-containing solution as a titration into a sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for determining concentration of various trace metal ions in aqueous solutions, such as gold plating solutions. At a particular fixed reduction potential, the cathodic current can suddenly increase in magnitude after a certain period of time (e.g., an incubation time) passes in the presence of a trace metal ion (e.g., Tl(I)), where the incubation time is inversely proportional to the concentration of trace metal in the electrolyte. The concentration of the trace metal can be calculated after measuring the incubation time and comparing it against a calibration curve.

Abstract: Techniques for selective measurement and monitoring of boric acid concentrations in processing solutions are provided. Methods include the use of a complexing agent that reacts with hydrolyzing ions, for example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) acid salts in potentiometric titration. In such methods, a boric acid concentration in a processing solution can be accurately measured and monitored.