Abstract: A multifunctional nonionic or partially nonionic siloxane copolymer for modification of synthetic materials and methods for modifying synthetic materials with the siloxane copolymer are provided. Synthetic materials modified with the siloxane copolymer, and fabrics made from the modified synthetic materials, have improved hydrophilicity, thermal regulative properties, and simultaneously improved softening effects and hand.

Abstract: Tissue cells are preserved for infrared spectroscopic analysis by soaking a fresh cellular specimen in a 0.5 to 3.0% concentration inorganic salt solution, removing excess salt solution by centrifuging, placing the remaining damp specimen on an infrared optical window and then drying the specimen in a flow of room temperature air such that a dried, spectrally preserved specimen is obtained within 2 minutes. Alternatively, a cellular specimen in wet and fresh form is placed on the surface of a crystal water-soluble inorganic salt in the form of an infrared window to dissolve some of the salt and thereby cover the specimen with the dissolved salt solution and then drying the specimen as described above in less than 2 minutes. In both cases, the drying results in the formation of a salt crystal film covering the surface of the cells for spectral preservation.

Abstract: A method of identifying tissue involves determining the infrared spectrum of a tissue sample in at least one frequency band, and comparing the infrared spectrum of the sample with a library of stored infrared spectra of known tissue types to find the closest match.

Abstract: A disposable all purpose micro sample holder comprised of a thin rigid plate-shaped frame, substantially opaque to infrared light, having a bore extending therethrough in or over which is mounted an optical window made of a material substantially transparent to infrared light. An optional flexible film is sized, shaped and affixed to the upper surface of the frame to completely cover the bore in the frame. The film is substantially transparent to the frequencies of the infrared light to be used. A sample is placed on optical window over the bore and beneath the film. For powder or solid samples, two sample holders, without the film, are releasably clamped together.

Abstract: The presence of anomalies in biological tissues and cells in natural and cultured form (e.g. cancerous tissues or cells) is detected by infrared spectroscopy. A beam of infrared light is directed at a sample of tissues or cells in natural or cultured form containing the cells to be tested, and the anomaly is detected at at least one range of frequencies by determining whether changes in infrared absorption have occurred due to the vibration of at least one functional group of molecules present in the sample which is characteristic of the anomaly.

Abstract: A process is described for monitoring the production of recombinant proteins. It is based on the discovery that infrared spectra of E. coli strains and transformants which overproduce recombinant proteins can be measured as a function of pressure, and a pressure-induced distinct shifting pattern can be observed in specific spectral parameters of transformants. In particular, the difference in the pressure-induced shift of the amide III band, between the E. coli cells and the transformants over-producing the recombinant proteins provides an efficient and non-intrusive technique for on-line monitoring of the production of recombinant proteins in E. coli.

Abstract: A non-pressure-dependancy infrared absorption spectra recording, sample holder comprises a sample holder having an infrared light beam transmitting passage, two windows of infrared light transmitting material in the passage in face-to-face contact, with at least one window having an inner surface portion contoured to provide between the windows a sample space shaped to provide adjacent light beam paths which are different in length and a clamp for resiliently clamping the windows in the sample holder. A deformable sample is lightly compressed to fill the sample space, and an infrared light beam is passed through the sample. The adjacent light beam paths being of different lengths avoids optical interference fringes so that absorption spectra of the sample can be recorded.

Abstract: An infrared absorption spectra recording, high pressure sample holder comprises a gasket for high compression between two diamond anvils, and an infrared light beam transmitting material partially filling a light passage through the gasket at a position between the two anvils to leave an infrared light beam transmitting, sample cavity adjacent one anvil. The surface of the filling is shaped, e.g. dished so that an infrared light beam passing through the sample will have light paths of different lengths, thereby avoiding optical interference fringes.