Abstract: A system to create a magnetic field around the outside of a spacecraft to afford human occupants and electronic equipment with protection from cosmic and solar radiation. Using electromagnets to generate magnetic fields placed on the outer surface of the spacecraft, cosmic and solar radiation may be deflected from entering the main body of the spacecraft. In addition, the magnetic field lines are kept away from the human occupants and interior electronic equipment. Side electromagnets are placed on the side outer surface of the spacecraft and separate electromagnetics are positioned in a cross shaped configuration at the front and rear of the spacecraft in alignment with the side electromagnets. Magnetic field lines are channeled around the outside of the spacecraft or centered on the center of quadrupole magnets placed either at the front of rear of the spacecraft.

Abstract: A system to create a magnetic field or fields around the outside of a spacecraft to provide protection from cosmic and solar radiation. Electromagnets are placed within one or more layers of the outer shell or surface of a spacecraft and are used to generate magnetic fields. Side electromagnets are placed within one or more of the side layers of the outer shell or surface of the spacecraft and separate configurations of electromagnets are positioned within one or more layers of the outer shell or surface of the spacecraft, in a cross shaped configuration, either Quadrupole electromagnet configuration or two right-angled electromagnet configuration, at the front and rear of the spacecraft in geometric alignment with the opposite poled side positioned electromagnets. Magnetic field lines are channeled around the outside of the spacecraft by use of the right-angled electromagnet configuration or centered on the center of the quadrupole electromagnet configuration.

Abstract: A system to create a magnetic field around the outside of a spacecraft to afford human occupants and electronic equipment with protection from cosmic and solar radiation. Using electromagnets to generate magnetic fields placed on the outer surface of the spacecraft, cosmic and solar radiation may be deflected from entering the main body of the spacecraft. In addition, the magnetic field lines are kept away from the human occupants and interior electronic equipment. Side electromagnets are placed on the side outer surface of the spacecraft and separate electromagnetics are positioned in a cross shaped configuration at the front and rear of the spacecraft in alignment with the side electromagnets. Magnetic field lines are channeled around the outside of the spacecraft or centered on the center of quadrupole magnets placed either at the front of rear of the spacecraft.

Abstract: A magnetic shield system for providing human occupants of spacecraft with protection from cosmic and solar radiation using electromagnets or solenoids for generating magnetic fields but which magnetic fields are kept at a sufficient distance from a spacecraft to greatly reduce the interference effect of the magnetic fields on the spacecraft electronic systems. The electromagnets or solenoids are placed at the ends of arms or shafts placed equidistantly from each other and projecting in uniform formation from the body of the spacecraft along the main axis or body of the spacecraft. The electromagnets or solenoids are placed parallel with each other and parallel with the main body of the spacecraft, are in-line with each other and are placed around the exterior of the spacecraft and along the main axis of the body of the spacecraft. Electromagnets may also be placed at the front and back of the spacecraft.

Abstract: A magnetic shield system for providing human occupants of spacecraft with protection from cosmic and solar radiation using electromagnets or solenoids for generating magnetic fields but which magnetic fields are kept at a sufficient distance from a spacecraft to greatly reduce the interference effect of the magnetic fields on the spacecraft electronic systems. The electromagnets or solenoids are placed at the ends of arms or shafts placed equidistantly from each other and projecting in uniform formation from the body of the spacecraft along the main axis or body of the spacecraft. The electromagnets or solenoids are placed parallel with each other and parallel with the main body of the spacecraft, are in-line with each other and are placed around the exterior of the spacecraft and along the main axis of the body of the spacecraft. Electromagnets may also be placed at the front and back of the spacecraft.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.

Abstract: A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.