Abstract: Pathogenic microorganisms are detected in a wide field of view and classified by Raman light scattered light from these organisms together with digital pattern recognition of their spectral patterns.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improved forensic detection using multi-view digital imaging of forensic specimens at a plurality of reflected, scattered, emitted, transmitted or absorbed wavelengths to provide new detailed information to distinguish and differentiate forensic materials and samples.

Abstract: Raman scattering of radiation applied to a water sample is used to assess occurrence of a pathogen in the sample. The method is useful for detecting pathogens that are difficult to detect using other methods, such as protozoa. Examples of organisms that can be detected in water samples using these methods include protozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium and the genus Giardia. The methods described herein have important applications, such as for detection of Cryptosporidium organisms in municipal water systems.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for a compact birefringent interference imaging spectrometer. More specifically, the disclosure relates to a portable system for obtaining a spectrum of a sample. The portable system may include a first photon emission source for illuminating the sample with a first plurality of photons to thereby produce photons scattered by the sample; an optical lens for collecting the scattered photons; a filter for receiving the collected scattered photons and providing therefrom filtered photons; a first photon detector for receiving the filtered photons and obtaining therefrom a spectrum of the sample; and a rejection filter for blocking the photons from said first photon emission source from entering said first photon detector. The disclosure additionally relates to methods of using such portable systems.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to a method and apparatus for multi-wavelength imaging spectrometer. More specifically, in one embodiment, the disclosure relates to an optical filter for passing photons therethrough. The filter includes a first filter stage and a second filter stage. The first filter stage may include a first retarder element and a first liquid crystal cell. The first element may include an input face and an output face. One of the first element faces is not oriented substantially normal to the trajectory of photons passing through the filter.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to a method and apparatus for compact dispersive imaging spectrometer. More specifically, one embodiment of the disclosure relates to a portable system for obtaining a spatially accurate wavelength-resolved image of a sample having a first and a second spatial dimension. The portable system can include a photon emission source for sequentially illuminating a plurality of portions of said sample with a plurality of photons to produce photons scattered by the sample. The photon emission source can illuminate the sample along the first spatial dimension for each of plural predetermined positions of the second spatial dimension.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to a method and apparatus for compact Fabry-Perot imaging spectrometer. More specifically, in one embodiment, the disclosure concerns a tunable Fabry-Perot optical filter for providing a spatially accurate wavelength-resolved image of a sample having two spatial dimensions. The optical filter may include plural filter elements having an initial predetermined spacing between adjacent filter elements; and a micro electromechanical system (“MEMS”) actuator. One of the plural filter elements may be attached to the MEMS actuator so that the actuator is capable of moving said one filter element relative to another of said plural filter elements to thereby tune said Fabry-Perot optical filter.

Abstract: A Raman chemical imaging system uses a laser illumination source for illuminating an area of a sample. The spectrum of scattered light from the illuminated area of the sample is collected and a collimated beam is produced therefrom. An Evans Split-Element type liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) selects a Raman image of the collimated beam. A detector collects the filtered Raman images which are subsequently processed to determine the constituent materials. The Evans Split-Element-type LCTF suitable for high-definition Raman chemical imaging is incorporated into an efficient Raman imaging system that provides significant performance advantages relative to any previous approach to Raman microscopy. The LCTF and associated optical path is physically compact, which accommodates integration of the LCTF within an infinity-corrected optical microscope. The LCTF simultaneously provides diffraction-limited spatial resolution and 9 cm.sup.