Abstract: The invention relates to a frequency converter comprising a guide and a non-linear medium (NLM) in which the condition of phase matching between non-linear polarization and created waves is satisfied locally. The object of the invention resides in an additional layer C lying on the medium (NLM), the refractive index of which is such that it increases the conversion yield, for conversion of the incident waves to the waves created within the guide. This layer may be a symmetrization layer whose index is close to the index of the medium (NLM). The conversion yield may be further increased by means of an intermediate layer C.sub.ex, which lies between the layer C and the medium (NLM) and the index of which is close to that of the guide.

Abstract: In a method of fabrication of non-linear control elements for a flat display screen of the liquid crystal type, successive layers of n.sup.30 doped amorphous semiconductor, of undoped amorphous semiconductor and of metal are deposited on a substrate, whereupon the control elements are formed by masking and etching. The flanks of the control elements are then isolated, whereupon the electrodes and control leads are formed by deposition and etching.