Abstract: Methods for treating hyperglycemia disorders in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of hyperglycemia disorders are disclosed. The methods include administering an effective amount of apolipoprotein A-IV to the subject. Also disclosed are methods for substantially restoring glucose tolerance in a subject in need thereof to a normal level and methods for lowering blood glucose levels in a subject having hyperglycemic disorders, including insulin resistant disorders, such as prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary disease, type A syndrome, gestational diabetes, and endocrine conditions associated with hyperglycemia, including Cushing's Disease, glucagon excess (glucagon secreting tumors) and acromegaly.

Abstract: Methods for treating type two diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus are disclosed, wherein the methods and compositions of the invention are based on the use of non-glycosylated apolipoprotein A-IV produced by a protein expression system, such as a bacterial expression system. Also disclosed are methods for substantially restoring glucose tolerance in a subject in need thereof to a normal level and methods for lowering blood glucose levels in a subject in need thereof based on administering non-glycosylated apolipoprotein A-IV produced by a protein expression system.

Abstract: Methods for treating type one diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of type one diabetes mellitus are disclosed, including combination therapies with insulin. The methods include administering an effective amount of apolipoprotein A-IV to the subject having type I diabetes. The pharmaceutical composition includes apolipoprotein A-IV formulated for administration to a subject for the treatment of type one diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Methods for treating type two diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus are disclosed. The methods include administering an effective amount of apolipoprotein A-IV to the subject. The pharmaceutical composition includes apolipoprotein A-IV formulated for administration to a subject for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus. Also disclosed are methods for substantially restoring glucose tolerance in a subject in need thereof to a normal level and methods for lowering blood glucose levels in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Methods for treating type two diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus are disclosed. The methods include administering an effective amount of apolipoprotein A-IV to the subject. The pharmaceutical composition includes apolipoprotein A-IV formulated for administration to a subject for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus. Also disclosed are methods for substantially restoring glucose tolerance in a subject in need thereof to a normal level and methods for lowering blood glucose levels in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Methods for treating hyperglycemia disorders in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of hyperglycemia disorders are disclosed. The methods include administering an effective amount of apolipoprotein A-IV to the subject. Also disclosed are methods for substantially restoring glucose tolerance in a subject in need thereof to a normal level and methods for lowering blood glucose levels in a subject having hyperglycemic disorders, including insulin resistant disorders, such as prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary disease, type A syndrome, gestational diabetes, and endocrine conditions associated with hyperglycemia, including Cushing's Disease, glucagon excess (glucagon secreting tumors) and acromegaly.

Abstract: Methods for treating type one diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of type one diabetes mellitus are disclosed, including combination therapies with insulin. The methods include administering an effective amount of apolipoprotein A-IV to the subject having type I diabetes. The pharmaceutical composition includes apolipoprotein A-IV formulated for administration to a subject for the treatment of type one diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Methods for treating type two diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus are disclosed. The methods include administering an effective amount of apolipoprotein A-IV to the subject. The pharmaceutical composition includes apolipoprotein A-IV formulated for administration to a subject for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus. Also disclosed are methods for substantially restoring glucose tolerance in a subject in need thereof to a normal level and methods for lowering blood glucose levels in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Methods for treating type two diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus are disclosed, wherein the methods and compositions of the invention are based on the use of non-glycosylated apolipoprotein A-IV produced by a protein expression system, such as a bacterial expression system. Also disclosed are methods for substantially restoring glucose tolerance in a subject in need thereof to a normal level and methods for lowering blood glucose levels in a subject in need thereof based on administering non-glycosylated apolipoprotein A-IV produced by a protein expression system.

Abstract: Methods for treating type two diabetes mellitus in a subject in need thereof and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus are disclosed. The methods include administering an effective amount of apolipoprotein A-IV to the subject. The pharmaceutical composition includes apolipoprotein A-IV formulated for administration to a subject for the treatment of type two diabetes mellitus. Also disclosed are methods for substantially restoring glucose tolerance in a subject in need thereof to a normal level and methods for lowering blood glucose levels in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: The use of sucrose polyester containing behenate fatty acid chains as a non-absorbable fat marker to determine total dietary fat absorption by the digestive tract of a subject. A test food for use in measuring fat absorption contains a non-absorbable fat and a dietary fat. The method is useful for diagnostic testing for diagnosing malabsorption of dietary fat by the digestive tract of the subject, and impairment of dietary fat digestion in the subject.

Abstract: The use of sucrose polyester containing behenate fatty acid chains as a non-absorbable fat marker to determine total dietary fat absorption by the digestive tract of a subject. A test food for use in measuring fat absorption contains a non-absorbable fat and a dietary fat. The method is useful for diagnostic testing for diagnosing malabsorption of dietary fat by the digestive tract of the subject, and impairment of dietary fat digestion in the subject.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for enhancing the absorption of oil soluble (lipophilic) compounds such as oil soluble vitamins, hormones, nutrients and drugs in an animal. The inventive method comprises administering a lipophilic compound in conjunction with a structured glyceride component characterized in that at least 40% of the glyceride species have: (i) about 33 to 70 wt. % of acyl moieties having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; (ii) about 30 to 67 wt. % of acyl moieties having more than 12 carbon atoms; and (iii) an equivalent carbon number greater than 30 and less than 48. This invention also relates to compositions suitable for administrating to an animal comprising a lipophilic compound and a structured glyceride component characterized in that at least 40% of the glyceride species have: (i) about 33 to 70 wt. % of acyl moieties having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; (ii) about 30 to 67 wt. % of acyl moieties having more than 12 carbon atoms; and (iii) an equivalent carbon number greater than 30 and less than 48.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for enhancing the absorption of oil soluble (lipophilic) compounds such as oil soluble vitamins, hormones, nutrients and drugs in an animal. The inventive method comprises administering a lipophilic compound in conjunction with a structured glyceride component characterized in that at least 40% of the glyceride species have: (i) about 33 to 70 wt. % of acyl moieties having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; (ii) about 30 to 67 wt. % of acyl moieties having more than 12 carbon atoms; and (iii) an equivalent carbon number greater than 30 and less than 48. This invention also relates to compositions suitable for administrating to an animal comprising a lipophilic compound and a structured glyceride component characterized in that at least 40% of the glyceride species have: (i) about 33 to 70 wt. % of acyl moieties having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; (ii) about 30 to 67 wt. % of acyl moieties having more than 12 carbon atoms; and (iii) an equivalent carbon number greater than 30 and less than 48.

Abstract: Peptides corresponding to specific portions of the apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) are provided. Most of the peptides correspond to the amino terminal region of apo A-IV. In addition, those peptides corresponding to the amino terminal portion of apo A-IV substantially correspond to a fundamental repeat unit of twenty two amino acids comprising:DYFTQLSNNAKEAVEQLQKTDV SEQ ID NO:88as well as homologs and analogs thereof. The peptides have eating suppressant properties when administered centrally or peripherally. The peptides may be used in compositions and methods for suppressing the appetite and controlling food intake.

Abstract: Food products for nutrition of infants which contain no more than subirritant amounts of free long-chain (C.sub.16 -C.sub.22) fatty acids and triglycerides thereof are disclosed. Providing esters, such as ethyl esters, of such fatty acids in infant food products essentially eliminates the tendency of the fatty acid to damage the infant intestinal epithelium, but permits absorption and processing of the fatty acid moiety.