Abstract: The invention relates to a lighting device comprising a lamp comprising a burner with an ionizable filling and an amount of mercury contained herein, having at least one mercury absorbing/adsorbing and/or blocking means located outside the burner for the fixation of mercury in case of an explosion of the burner.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp assembly has a discharge lamp (1) and a concave reflector (11) arranged around a longitudinal axis (30). The discharge lamp is closed in a gastight manner and comprises a first and second end portion (3, 4) and an ionizable gas filling, and in which a pair of electrodes (5, 6) is arranged. A first and a second current-supply conductor (7, 8) are connected to the pair of electrodes and issue to the exterior from the first and the second end portion, respectively. The first end portion of the discharge lamp extends through an opening (14) arranged in a center section of the reflector. A conduction member (9) is connected to the second current-supply conductor and extends through the opening in the center section of the reflector. The conduction member is connected to a contact member provided on a surface of the reflector facing away from the discharge lamp.

Abstract: A heating element protection apparatus for a mass-flow sensor may include a heating element disposed in a gas, a gas temperature sensor disposed in the gas to sense a temperature of the gas, a slope detector to measure a slope of the temperature as power is supplied to the heating element, and a heating element controller to supply power to the heating element to replace heat dissipated by the gas. The heating element controller may detect a temperature of the heating element and may supply power to the heating element based on the heating element temperature and the gas temperature, and the power may be switched off for a predetermined period of time if a magnitude of the slope is greater than a reference magnitude.

Abstract: A method for measurement of nitrogen oxides using a gas sensor. To reliably measure nitrogen oxides, the sensor has a reference electrode representing a constant oxygen partial pressure, at least two electrode pairs, with common a electrode associated with each pair of electrodes, and solid electrolytes arranged between the two electrodes of an electrode pair directly at the electrodes. The solid electrolyte between a first electrode pair is gas-permeable, while the solid electrolyte between a second electrode pair is gastight, whereby the second electrode pair is adapated for potentiometric or amperometric measurement of nitrogen oxides, and the first electrode pair is adapted for application of a current or a voltage to pump oxygen. The second electrode of the second electrode pair is constructed as a reference electrode on the reference gas side of the solid electrolyte of the second electrode pair. The sensor also has electrical leads for connection and for take-away of electric measurement signals.