Abstract: A parallel processor array of the SIMD or MIMD type requires a highly organized communication network for communication between processing elements (PEs). For a communication network a dotted network structure is created which reduces the magnitude of the the networking implementation using a link with two vertical paths and two horizontal paths for a single link, denominated H-DOT. A significant result of the H-DOT network configuration is that it applies to several topologies, and furthermore, the array of processors can generally be extended in size and in additional dimensions while retaining the basic two port array processing element. Both synchronous and routed control can be included. Routing algorithm routines are discussed. The network configuration can be used in massively parallel processors or other smaller array processors which can implement SIMD and MIMD processes.

Abstract: A computer system having a plurality of processors and memory including a plurality of scalable nodes having multiple like processor memory elements. Each of the processor memory elements has a plurality of communication paths for communication within a node to other like processor memory elements within the node. Each of the processor memory elements also has a communication path for communication external to the node to another like scalable node of the computer system.

Abstract: A porous granular ceramic material has a granule size of from 1 to 5 mm, a bulk density of from 200 to 700 g/l, preferably 350 to 550 g/l, a porosity of from 50 to 80% v/v, preferably from 65 to 80% v/v, and a liquid absorbency of from 20 to 200%, preferably from 40 to 150%, of water based on the weight of the granular material. The material may be made by calcining a mixture of a clay and a particulate combustible material. The material is suitable for use as animal litter or as an industrial absorbent for liquids.