Abstract: A method for disrupting a blood clot with ultrasound and at least one cavitation enhancing agent includes administering at least one cavitation enhancing agent into a blood vessel of a subject. The method further includes monitoring the at least one cavitation enhancing agent to determine when at least a portion of the at least one cavitation enhancing agent has reached a blood clot. The method further includes controlling application of ultrasound energy to the at least one cavitation enhancing agent within the blood vessel of the subject such that, during a first time period, cavitation-enhancing ultrasound energy is not applied to the at least one cavitation enhancing agent within the blood vessel and, during a second time period after the first time period, cavitation enhancing ultrasound energy is applied to the at least one cavitation enhancing agent within the blood vessel.

Abstract: A method for producing an image of a vessel with ultrasound includes administering a contrast agent particle into the vessel and delivering an ultrasound pulse having a first frequency range to the vessel. The method further includes detecting ultrasound energy scattered from the contrast agent particle at a second frequency range, converting the scattered ultrasound energy into an electronic radio frequency signal, and using an algorithm to determine a spatial location of the contrast agent particle based on extraction of a specific feature of the radio frequency signal. The method further includes generating an image by displaying a marker of the spatial location of the contrast agent particle with a resolution that is finer than a pulse length of the ultrasound pulse and repeating the steps for different contrast agent particles until sufficient markers have been accumulated to reconstruct a pattern of the vessel.

Abstract: A method for applying ultrasound to activate a cavitation enhancing agent in the presence of a therapeutic compound and a microbial biofilm is provided. The ultrasound energy causes the cavitation enhancing agent to cavitate in the ultrasound field. The cavitation of the resultant bubble causes fluid streaming and shear forces at and near the biofilm, causing enhanced penetration of the therapeutic compound into the biofilm, and resulting in improved efficacy of the therapeutic compound against the biofilm. The method further includes cavitation enhancing agents which can be loaded with oxygen gas or combined with microbubbles which carry oxygen gas, which further potentiate antibiotic efficacy against the biofilm.

Abstract: Methods and systems for using encapsulated microbubbles to process biological samples are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method for using encapsulated microbubbles to process a biological sample includes creating a mixture comprising encapsulated microbubbles mixed with a biological sample and adding activation energy to the mixture to cause at least some of the microbubbles to oscillate or burst and thereby process the sample, including effecting cell lysis, shearing DNA, and/or performing tissue dispersion.

Abstract: Methods and systems for using encapsulated microbubbles to process biological samples are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method for using encapsulated microbubbles to process a biological sample includes creating a mixture comprising encapsulated microbubbles mixed with a biological sample and adding activation energy to the mixture to cause at least some of the microbubbles to oscillate or burst and thereby process the sample, including effecting cell lysis, shearing DNA, and/or performing tissue dispersion.

Abstract: A method for producing an image of at least one vessel with ultrasound includes administering a contrast agent particle into the at least one vessel, and delivering an ultrasound pulse having a first frequency range to the at least one vessel. The method further includes detecting ultrasound energy scattered from the contrast agent particle at a second frequency range that is different from the first frequency range, converting the scattered ultrasound energy into an electronic radio frequency signal, and using an algorithm to determine a spatial location of the contrast agent particle based on extraction of a specific feature of the radio frequency signal.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for preclinical ultrasound imaging of subjects are provided. In one aspect, the apparatus can include a platform on which a subject is positionable and at least one motion stage for controlling a spatial position of at least one ultrasound transducer relative to the platform in order to acquire ultrasound image data of the subject. Methods for preclinical ultrasound raster scanning of at least one organ or tissue in a subject are also provided, where the at least one organ or tissue is a heart.

Abstract: Methods of extracting chromatin from tissue, such as formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue, are provided. The methods are rapid, simple, and preserve the chromatin signature. The methods can include, for example, removal of the tissue from the paraffin, enzymatic digestion of the extracellular matrix, and exposure to ultrasound energy, optionally in the presence of a cavitation enhancement agent, such as microbubbles, nanobubbles, and/or phase-change nanodroplets. The methods can also include a mechanical tissue dissociation step. The methods provide chromatin fragments that are free of enzyme bias from fragmentation by enzymes such as micrococcal nuclease (MNase) and that are of optimal size for further quantification and/or identification. Kits for extracting chromatin from tissue are also provided.

Abstract: A method for using metastable perfluorocarbon nanodroplets for ultrasonic lysis of blood clots includes administering metastable perfluorocarbon nanodroplets into a blood vessel that includes or that leads to a blood vessel that includes a blood clot, the metastable perfluorocarbon nanodroplets each have a liquid core comprising a perfluorocarbon material that has a boiling point below 25° C. at atmospheric pressure and that remains stable in liquid form at 25° C. at atmospheric pressure. The method further includes applying ultrasound energy to the perfluorocarbon nanodroplets within or surrounding the blood clot, causing the perfluorocarbon nanodroplets to vaporize and convert to bubbles, which cavitate and lyse the blood clot.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and related systems comprising detecting a position of each of two or more targets in a volume to be imaged; generating and directing a single beam of ultrasound energy toward the volume by simultaneously focusing the single beam on each of the two or more the target positions; detecting the ultrasound energy from each of the two or more the target positions; and using the detected ultrasound energy to generate an image of the volume to be imaged. Such as generating a blood flow profile in a blood vessel.

Abstract: A system for translating a sample plate over a fixed ultrasound transducer includes a sample plate holder holding a sample plate containing samples to be sonicated. A first actuator translates the sample plate linearly across a non-uniform ultrasound energy field output from a fixed ultrasound transducer.

Abstract: An acoustically activatable particle of material includes a first substance that includes a component that is a gas 25° C. and atmospheric pressure. A second substance, different from the first substance, encapsulates the first substance to create a droplet or emulsion that is stable at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. At least some of the first substance exists in a gaseous phase at the time of encapsulation of the first substance within the second substance to form a bubble. After formation of the bubble, the bubble is condensed into a liquid phase, which causes the bubble to transform into the droplet or emulsion having a core consisting of a liquid. The droplet or emulsion is an activatable phase change agent having a core consisting of a liquid at 25° C. and atmospheric pressure. The first substance has a boiling point below 25° C. at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Provided are systems for analyzing cellular distribution in an engineered tissue sample, which optionally is a bioprinted organ or tissue sample. In some embodiments, the systems include an ultrasound imaging system and a processing unit configured with software that permits analysis of images acquired from the engineered tissue sample in order to output desired characteristics thereof. In some embodiments, the systems also include a bioreactor for engineering a tissue sample and a pump configured to regulate flow of fluids and reagents into and out of the bioreactor, wherein at least one surface of the bioreactor includes a window that is acoustically transparent to ultrasound waves. Also provided are systems for analyzing cell distribution in an engineered tissue sample and methods for analyzing distribution of cells in an engineered tissue sample present within a bioreactor.

Abstract: Methods and systems for using encapsulated microbubbles to process biological samples are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method for using encapsulated microbubbles to process a biological sample includes creating a mixture comprising encapsulated microbubbles mixed with a biological sample and adding activation energy to the mixture to cause at least some of the microbubbles to oscillate or burst and thereby process the sample, including effecting cell lysis, shearing DNA, and/or performing tissue dispersion.

Abstract: Acoustically activatable particles having low vaporization energy and methods for making and using same are disclosed. A particle of material includes a first substance that includes at least one component that is a gas 25° C. and atmospheric pressure. A second substance, different from the first substance, encapsulates the first substance to create a droplet or emulsion that is stable at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. At least some of the first substance exists in a gaseous phase at the time of encapsulation of the first substance within the second substance to form a bubble. After formation of the bubble, the bubble is condensed into a liquid phase, which causes the bubble to transform into the droplet or emulsion having a core consisting of a liquid. The droplet or emulsion is an activatable phase change agent that remains a droplet having a core consisting of a liquid at 25° C. and atmospheric pressure. The first substance has a boiling point below 25° C. at atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Methods and systems for using encapsulated microbubbles to process biological samples are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method for using encapsulated microbubbles to process a biological sample includes creating a mixture comprising encapsulated microbubbles mixed with a biological sample and adding activation energy to the mixture to cause at least some of the microbubbles to oscillate or burst and thereby process the sample, including effecting cell lysis, shearing DNA, and/or performing tissue dispersion.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for preclinical ultrasound imaging of subjects are provided. In one aspect, the apparatus can include a platform on which a subject is positionable and at least one motion stage for controlling a spatial position of at least one ultrasound transducer relative to the platform in order to acquire ultrasound image data of the subject. Methods for preclinical ultrasound raster scanning of at least one organ or tissue in a subject are also provided, where the at least one organ or tissue is a heart.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for acoustic detection of activated phase-change contrast agents are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method for acoustic detection of activated ultrasound phase-change contrast agents includes initiating a phase transition in a phase change contrast agent causing a change of the diameter of the activated phase change contrast agent, and detecting an acoustic signature of the change of diameter of the activated phase change contrast agent.

Abstract: Methods and systems for using encapsulated microbubbles to process biological samples are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method for using encapsulated microbubbles to process a biological sample includes creating a mixture comprising encapsulated microbubbles mixed with a biological sample and adding activation energy to the mixture to cause at least some of the microbubbles to oscillate or burst and thereby process the sample, including effecting cell lysis, shearing DNA, and/or performing tissue dispersion.