Abstract: A method of relating medical data image viewing planes to each other is provided. The method comprises defining at least two non-orthogonal two-dimensional (2D) image viewing planes in at least one three-dimensional (3D) medical image data set, and linking said 2D image viewing planes with a fixed relation to each other, such that when a first of said 2D image viewing planes is altered, the remaining 2D image viewing planes are automatically changed by said fixed relation with reference to said first 2D image viewing plane.

Abstract: A device manufacturing method comprising applying patterns to a plurality of arrays of individually controllable elements, such that they modulate a beam of radiation, and projecting the modulated beam of radiation onto a substrate. The patterns applied to the arrays of individually controllable elements are arranged such that pre-determined amounts of background radiation are included in the modulated beam of radiation. The pre-determined amounts of background radiation being different for different locations on the arrays.

Abstract: Images of static vascular maps (B), which were taken at different phases of the cardiac cycle and/or the respiratory cycle and were archived in a memory (6), are superimposed on a current image (A) of a catheter (2, 8) in the vascular system (9). In the method, a defined section of a map image (B) around the estimated actual position of the catheter is selected and is displayed superimposed on the current image (A) on a monitor (10). The map image (B) used for this is preferably selected by an electrocardiogram to match the particular cardiac cycle. The position of the catheter relative to the map image (B) is estimated using a distance image (D).

Abstract: Apparatus for navigating an instrument through an anatomical structure of a patient's body volume, comprising a table for supporting the patient and at least a first C-arm having a first X-ray source and a first X-ray detector for acquiring a first series of 2D-images of the instrument while maneuvering through said anatomical structure, and further comprising a processing unit for the images which unit connects to a memory device, whereby the memory device holds pre-determined 3D-images of the patient's anatomical structure, and the processing unit is arranged for processing the 2D-images of the instrument and the 3D-images of the anatomical structure so as to provide merged 3D-images of the instrument that in use maneuvers through said anatomical structure.

Abstract: A method of relating medical data image viewing planes to each other is provided. The method comprises defining at least two non-orthogonal two-dimensional (2D) image viewing planes in at least one three-dimensional (3D) medical image data set, and linking said 2D image viewing planes with a fixed relation to each other, such that when a first of said 2D image viewing planes is altered, the remaining 2D image viewing planes are automatically changed by said fixed relation with reference to said first 2D image viewing plane.

Abstract: A device manufacturing method comprising applying patterns to a plurality of arrays of individually controllable elements, such that they modulate a beam of radiation, and projecting the modulated beam of radiation onto a substrate. The patterns applied to the arrays of individually controllable elements are arranged such that pre-determined amounts of background radiation are included in the modulated beam of radiation. The pre-determined amounts of background radiation being different for different locations on the arrays.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining at least one contour of a left and/or right ventricle of a heart from at least one image of the heart, for example, an image as acquired by means of MR imaging, in which there are determined start parameters which are subsequently optimized by means of an iteration procedure so as to form final parameters which define the contour, the iteration being carried out with predetermined step sizes for the parameters as well as with a predetermined number of steps, where in each iteration step and for each parameter setting individually: grey values of the image are determined at a predetermined side of the contour so as to provide a first reference image; the first reference image is processed so as to form a second reference image in which a uniform grey value which is derived from a grey value from the first reference image is taken up at the predetermined side of the contour; the first and the second reference image are correlated so as to provide a parameter c

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining at least one contour of a left and/or right ventricle of a heart from at least one image of the heart, for example, an image as acquired by means of MR imaging, in which there are determined start parameters which are subsequently optimized by means of an iteration procedure so as to form final parameters which define the contour, the iteration being carried out with predetermined step sizes for the parameters as well as with a predetermined number of steps, where in each iteration step and for each parameter setting individually: