Abstract: Aqueous sulfur and caustic component-containing waste streams are disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner employing a process featuring integrated coking and gasification operations.

Abstract: A method of recovering oil from a subterranean, viscous oil-containing formation comprising injecting into the formation an aqueous solution of at least one salt of carbonic acid, and then recovering the oil from the formation by means of a drive means.

Abstract: A method for upgrading poor quality olefinic gasoline by conversion thereof in the presence of carbon hydrogen-contributing fragments such as methanol and a crystalline zeolite catalyst composition of desired selectivity characteristics is described.

Abstract: An improved process for the conversion of coal to low-sulfur products is disclosed wherein coal is heated with a liquid phase coal dissolution solvent, which is preferably a heavy aromatic petroleum solvent, in the presence of a solid, sulfur scavenger such as iron. Improved separation of inorganic solids, including both coal-derived and solvent-derived sulfur combined with the scavenger, is obtained by using a light cycle-oil modified slurry settler operation followed by separation. Vacuum distillation of the filtrate provides a low-sulfur solid which is used directly as fuel or coked to form low-sulfur distillates and coke. The scavenger is separated from other inorganics, regenerated, and recycled. Moderate amounts of fuel gas are also formed.

Abstract: A method for effecting chemical reactions of aliphatic hetero compounds comprising alcohols, halides, mercaptans, sulfides, amines, ethers and carbonyl compounds with a fluidized crystalline zeolite catalyst and regeneration of a portion of the catalyst used in the fluid catalyst operation is described. Catalyst recycle to each of the catalyst contact zones is particularly employed.

Abstract: Liquid product rich in benzene, toluene and xylene and having a substantially lower mid-boiling point than heavy reformate feedstock or similar feedstock, such as, for example, from pyrolysis gasoline, of a class having an initial boiling point between about 230.degree. F and about 250.degree. F and an end point between about 350.degree. F and about 430.degree. F, and gaseous product rich in light olefins and isoparaffins which is good alkylation plant feed are produced by contacting said heavy reformate feedstock or said similar feedstock with a porous acid-active zeolite catalyst having a fluid activity index of at least about 18 in a fluidized catalyst system absent added hydrogen at a temperature of from about 800.degree. F to about 1200.degree. F, a catalyst/oil (i.e. heavy reformate or similar feedstock) weight ratio of from about 0.5 to about 40 and a catalyst residence time of from about 0.1 second to about 20 seconds.

Abstract: A method for effecting chemical reactions of aliphatic hetero compounds comprising alcohols, halides mercaptans, sulfides, amines, ethers and carbonyl compounds with crystalline zeolite catalysts of the ZSM-5 type in a fluid catalyst operation is described.

Abstract: A process is provided for high selectivity transalkylation of alkylaromatic hydrocarbon compounds of from 7 to 10 carbon atoms which comprises contacting said alkylaromatic hydrocarbon compounds with a transalkylating agent in the presence of a porous acid-active zeolite catalyst having a fluid activity index of at least about 18 in a fluidized catalyst system absent added hydrogen at a temperature of from about 300.degree. F to about 1200.degree. F, pressure of from about 0 psig to about 200 psig and a catalyst residence time of from about 0.01 second to about 300 seconds.

Abstract: An operation is described which involves the catalytic cracking of high boiling hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen and carbon-hydrogen contributing fragments in the presence of particularly crystalline zeolite conversion catalysts promoting the chemical reactions of cracking, hydrogen redistribution, olefin cyclization and chemical reactions providing mobile hydrogen in one of several different forms and suitable for completing desired hydrogen transfer reactions. The chemical reactions desired are particularly promoted by a mixture of large and smaller pore crystalline zeolites in the presence of hydrogen contributing materials such as methanol or mixed with one or more reactants which will form methanol under suitable reaction conditions.

Abstract: A combination operation is described and method for upgrading C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefin rich streams with selective crystalline zeolite compositions in a fluidized catalyst system at relatively low pressures by reaction with hydrogen or a carbon-hydrogen fragment contributor, such as methanol, to form gasoline and light fuel oil boiling range products.

Abstract: The conversion of high metals containing feed stock is accomplished in the presence of a low molecular weight carbon-hydrogen fragment contributing material and an acid function crystalline zeolite catalyst to produce gasoline of high quality and yields superior to that obtained heretofore.

Abstract: A refinery process is described for converting desalted full range crude oils and syncrudes derived from coal, shale and tar sands. The process involves mixing and reacting the full range heavy oil feed with a low molecular weight carbon-hydrogen fragment contributor such as methanol or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins in the presence of a fluid zeolite cracking catalyst comprising mordenite.

Abstract: A method is described for converting nitrogen containing oil stock such as shale oil syncrudes or other stocks of high nitrogen level by cracking in the presence of C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 hydrocarbons and/or methanol with an acidic zeolite cracking catalyst. Cocracking of the high nitrogen stock with the carbon-hydrogen contributors provides appreciable denitrogenation of the charge thus decreasing the need for hydroprocessing the charge with attendant savings in operating costs.

Abstract: Methanol is converted in a plurality of conversion zones at temperatures selected from within the range of 500.degree. to 1200.degree.F. and reactant residence time within the range of 0.5 to 60 seconds in the presence of crystalline zeolite containing catalyst to particularly form products of desired volatility and octane in the gasoline boiling range. The distribution of methyl groups on C.sub.6 + aromatics formed in the process to desired products is particularly accomplished under selected temperature and reactant contact time conditions.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon feeds are dispersed in solvent ethers and product recycle fraction prior to catalytic cracking thereof with acidic compositions comprising particular crystalline zeolite catalyst composition. The solvent ethers are provided by reacting process olefins with methanol to produce low and high molecular weight ethers separately.

Abstract: A raffinate product of residual oil solvent extraction is upgraded in a fluid zeolite catalyst cracking operation in the presence of one or more low molecular weight carbon-hydrogen fragment contributors. Gas oil products of atmospheric and vacuum distillation may be simultaneously converted by admixture with the raffinate charge. In addition the process is enhanced by the addition of straight run naphtha product of distillation with the raffinate charge.