Abstract: A method for producing jet-range hydrocarbons includes passing a stream comprising renewable C4 olefins to an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst to produce an oligomerized effluent, separating the oligomerized effluent to produce a jet range hydrocarbon stream and a recycle stream comprising C8 olefins, and passing at least a portion of the recycle stream to the oligomerization reactor. A first at least about 10% of the jet-range hydrocarbon stream hydrocarbons boil between n-octane and n-undecane and wherein a second at least about 10% of the jet-range hydrocarbon stream hydrocarbons boil between n-dodecane and n-pentadecane.

Abstract: A jet-range hydrocarbon product includes a mixture of paraffins. The mixture exhibits a freeze point of less than or equal to about ?70° C., a 95% distillation point of greater than or equal to about 275° C., and a smooth boiling point curve that is characterized as having no intervals of the boiling point curve having a slope that is steeper than 4° C./mass % as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of about 20% to about 80%. The steepness of the boiling point curve slope is calculated over any 10 mass % increments within the specified mass % ranges.

Abstract: A jet-range hydrocarbon product includes a mixture of paraffins. The mixture exhibits a freeze point of less than or equal to about ?70° C., a 95% distillation point of greater than or equal to about 275° C., and a smooth boiling point curve that is characterized as having no intervals of the boiling point curve having a slope that is steeper than 4° C./mass % as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of about 20% to about 80%. The steepness of the boiling point curve slope is calculated over any 10 mass % increments within the specified mass % ranges.

Abstract: A method for producing jet-range hydrocarbons includes passing a stream comprising renewable C4 olefins to an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst to produce an oligomerized effluent, separating the oligomerized effluent to produce a jet range hydrocarbon stream and a recycle stream comprising C8 olefins, and passing at least a portion of the recycle stream to the oligomerization reactor. A first at least about 10% of the jet-range hydrocarbon stream hydrocarbons boil between n-octane and n-undecane and wherein a second at least about 10% of the jet-range hydrocarbon stream hydrocarbons boil between n-dodecane and n-pentadecane.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a catalyst for catalytic reforming of naphtha. The catalyst can have a noble metal including one or more of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, and iridium, a lanthanide-series metal including one or more elements of atomic numbers 57-71 of the periodic table, and a support. Generally, an average bulk density of the catalyst is about 0.300-about 0.620 gram per cubic centimeter, and an atomic ratio of the lanthanide-series metal:noble metal is less than about 1.3:1. Moreover, the lanthanide-series metal can be distributed at a concentration of the lanthanide-series metal in a 100 micron surface layer of the catalyst less than about two times a concentration of the lanthanide-series metal at a central core of the catalyst.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for increasing a mole ratio of methyl to phenyl of one or more aromatic compounds in a feed. The process can include reacting an effective amount of one or more aromatic compounds and an effective amount of one or more non-aromatic compounds to convert about 90%, by weight, of one or more C6+ non-aromatic compounds.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for increasing a mole ratio of methyl to phenyl of one or more aromatic compounds in a feed. The process can include reacting an effective amount of one or more aromatic compounds and an effective amount of one or more aromatic methylating agents to form a product having a mole ratio of methyl to phenyl of at least about 0.1:1 greater than the feed.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process using an aromatic methylating agent. Generally, the process includes reacting an effective amount of the aromatic methylating agent having at least one of an alkane, a cycloalkane, an alkane radical, and a cycloalkane radical with one or more aromatic compounds. As such, at least one of the one or more aromatic compounds may be converted to one or more higher methyl substituted aromatic compounds to provide a product having a greater mole ratio of methyl to phenyl than a feed.

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for producing syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising methane are provided. The process comprises the step of contacting the gas stream with a two-component catalyst system comprising an apatite component and a perovskite component at reaction conditions effective to convert the methane to the syngas.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a catalyst for catalytic reforming of naphtha. The catalyst can have a noble metal including one or more of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, and iridium, a lanthanide-series metal including one or more elements of atomic numbers 57-71 of the periodic table, and a support. Generally, an average bulk density of the catalyst is about 0.300-about 0.620 gram per cubic centimeter, and an atomic ratio of the lanthanide-series metal:noble metal is less than about 1.3:1. Moreover, the lanthanide-series metal can be distributed at a concentration of the lanthanide-series metal in a 100 micron surface layer of the catalyst less than about two times a concentration of the lanthanide-series metal at a central core of the catalyst.

Abstract: Embodiments of a process for producing syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a gas stream comprising methane are provided. The process comprises the step of contacting the gas stream with a two-component catalyst system comprising an apatite component and a perovskite component at reaction conditions effective to convert the methane to the syngas.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process using an aromatic methylating agent. Generally, the process includes reacting an effective amount of the aromatic methylating agent having at least one of an alkane, a cycloalkane, an alkane radical, and a cycloalkane radical with one or more aromatic compounds. As such, at least one of the one or more aromatic compounds may be converted to one or more higher methyl substituted aromatic compounds to provide a product having a greater mole ratio of methyl to phenyl than a feed.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for increasing a mole ratio of methyl to phenyl of one or more aromatic compounds in a feed. The process can include reacting an effective amount of one or more aromatic compounds and an effective amount of one or more aromatic methylating agents to form a product having a mole ratio of methyl to phenyl of at least about 0.1:1 greater than the feed.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for increasing a mole ratio of methyl to phenyl of one or more aromatic compounds in a feed. The process can include reacting an effective amount of one or more aromatic compounds and an effective amount of one or more non-aromatic compounds to convert about 90%, by weight, of one or more C6+ non-aromatic compounds.

Abstract: A process for the autocatalytic production of organic hydroperoxides and ultra low sulfur diesel boiling range hydrocarbons is disclosed. The organic hydroperoxides react with sulfur compounds to produce sulfones, and the sulfones can be removed from the diesel boiling range hydrocarbons to provide ultra low sulfur diesel.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to avoid catalyst damage and achieve longer catalyst life by selecting appropriate materials for reactor spacers, liners, catalyst binders, and supports, in particular, by not using crystalline silica-containing and high phosphorus-containing materials, if the presence of even small amount of steam is anticipated. In addition, alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are avoided due to potential damage to the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst for converting methanol to light olefins and the process for making and using the catalyst are disclosed and claimed. SAPO-34 is a specific catalyst that benefits from its preparation in accordance with this invention. A seed material is used in making the catalyst that has a higher content of the EL metal than is found in the principal part of the catalyst. The molecular sieve has predominantly a roughly rectangular parallelepiped morphology crystal structure with a lower fault density and a better selectivity for light olefins.