Abstract: A rotary cutting tool for use in a wellbore has an instrumented cutter fitted into a cavity in the tool body. The instrumented cutter body has an outer end portion exposed at the open end of a cavity and is connected to the tool body through at least one connecting section having a smaller cross-section and greater compliance than the outer end portion. The outer end portion and the connecting section are slightly movable within the cavity but the cavity surrounds at least part of the outer end portion sufficiently closely to limit transverse movement to elastic strain of the compliant connecting portion. One or more sensors, which may be strain gauges, are used to measure force on the outer end portion in a plurality of directions transverse to the cavity and causing elastic strain of the at least one connecting section.

Abstract: A rotary tool for operation within an underground borehole or within tubing in a borehole has a tool body and at least one sensor-containing unit attached to the tool body and positioned to contact the conduit wall. The sensor-containing unit includes an exterior portion to contact the borehole or tubing wall and one or more sensors is located in a cavity between the exterior portion and the tool body. The sensor-containing unit may be formed from the exterior portion, an attachment portion for attachment to the tool body, and one or more connecting portions extending between the attachment and exterior portions, with the sensor-containing cavity between the attachment and exterior portions. Possible rotary tools include drill bits, reamers, mills, stabilizers, and rotary steerable systems.

Abstract: A rotary tool for operation within an underground wellbore or within tubing in a wellbore has at least one force-sensitive element attached to the tool body and positioned to contact the conduit wall, wherein the force-sensitive element comprises an outer portion to contact the wellbore or tubing wall, at least one connecting portion which is more compliant than the outer portion and through which the outer portion is connected to the tool body, and at least one sensor responsive to force on the outer portion transmitted through the force-sensitive element to the tool body. The sensors may resolve forces into measurable forces on three axes. Possible rotary tools include drill bit, reamer, mill, stabilizer and rotary steerable system for a drill bit.

Abstract: A rotary tool for operation within an underground borehole or within tubing in a borehole has a tool body and at least one sensor-containing unit attached to the tool body and positioned to contact the conduit wall. The sensor-containing unit includes an exterior portion to contact the borehole or tubing wall and one or more sensors is located in a cavity between the exterior portion and the tool body. The sensor-containing unit may be formed from the exterior portion, an attachment portion for attachment to the tool body, and one or more connecting portions extending between the attachment and exterior portions, with the sensor-containing cavity between the attachment and exterior portions. Possible rotary tools include drill bits, reamers, mills, stabilizers, and rotary steerable systems.

Abstract: Generating synthetic transactions with packets is provided. A synthetic transaction generator can store, in a packet capture trace file, packets corresponding to a test of a service provided through a network. The synthetic transaction generator can transmit the packet capture trace file to a data processing system to cause the data processing system to play or analyze the packet capture trace file to evaluate the performance of the service provided by the service provider.

Abstract: A rotary tool for operation within an underground borehole or within tubing in a borehole has a tool body and at least one sensor-containing unit attached to the tool body and positioned to contact the conduit wall. The sensor-containing unit includes an exterior portion to contact the borehole or tubing wall and one or more sensors is located in a cavity between the exterior portion and the tool body. The sensor-containing unit may be formed from the exterior portion, an attachment portion for attachment to the tool body, and one or more connecting portions extending between the attachment and exterior portions, with the sensor-containing cavity between the attachment and exterior portions. Possible rotary tools include drill bits, reamers, mills, stabilizers, and rotary steerable systems.

Abstract: A rotary cutting tool for use in a wellbore has an instrumented cutter fitted into a cavity in the tool body. The instrumented cutter body has an outer end portion exposed at the open end of a cavity and is connected to the tool body through at least one connecting section having a smaller cross-section and greater compliance than the outer end portion. The outer end portion and the connecting section are slightly movable within the cavity but the cavity surrounds at least part of the outer end portion sufficiently closely to limit transverse movement to elastic strain of the compliant connecting portion. One or more sensors, which may be strain gauges, are used to measure force on the outer end portion in a plurality of directions transverse to the cavity and causing elastic strain of the at least one connecting section.

Abstract: A microbial infection in an eye of a subject is treated or prevented by topically administering to the eye an effective amount of a macromolecule or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof that includes a dendrimer of 1 to 8 generations with one or more sulfonic acid- or sulfonate-containing moieties attached to one or more surface groups of the outermost generation of the dendrimer. Compositions containing the macromolecule or salt are useful in these methods.

Abstract: A rotary tool for operation within an underground wellbore or within tubing in a wellbore has at least one force-sensitive element attached to the tool body and positioned to contact the conduit wall, wherein the force-sensitive element comprises an outer portion to contact the wellbore or tubing wall, at least one connecting portion which is more compliant than the outer portion and through which the outer portion is connected to the tool body, and at least one sensor responsive to force on the outer portion transmitted through the force-sensitive element to the tool body. The sensors may resolve forces into measurable forces on three axes. Possible rotary tools include drill bit, reamer, mill, stabilizer and rotary steerable system for a drill bit.

Abstract: A rotary tool for operation within an underground borehole or within tubing in a borehole has a tool body and at least one sensor-containing unit attached to the tool body and positioned to contact the conduit wall. The sensor-containing unit includes an exterior portion to contact the borehole or tubing wall and one or more sensors is located in a cavity between the exterior portion and the tool body. The sensor-containing unit may be formed from the exterior portion, an attachment portion for attachment to the tool body, and one or more connecting portions extending between the attachment and exterior portions, with the sensor-containing cavity between the attachment and exterior portions. Possible rotary tools include drill bits, reamers, mills, stabilizers, and rotary steerable systems.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells (e.g., fuel cells or electrochemical gas extraction cells) supplied with power-to-gas mixtures of dilute hydrogen concentrations may be remarkably improved by the use of porous gas layer electrodes. The electrochemical cells may comprise a first porous gas layer gas diffusion electrode, a second porous gas layer gas diffusion electrode, and a liquid electrolyte Sin contact with the first and second electrodes. The porous gas layers may each comprise a porous, non-conductive, liquid-impermeable material that dramatically improves cell performance.

Abstract: The operation of rotary equipment carried on elongate structure such as coiled tubing extending into a borehole from the Earth's surface is carried out by providing at least one optical fibre extending downhole to the rotary equipment from the surface, using optical time domain reflectometry to operating the optical fibre as a distributed vibration sensor while the rotary equipment is in operation, and thereby observing vibration created by the rotary equipment.

Abstract: A system for evaluating quality of video delivered over a telecommunications network is provided. The system includes one or more monitoring probes coupled to one or more network interfaces providing direct communication between two or more networked devices. The monitoring probes are adapted to capture video data from the network interfaces. The system further includes a processor adapted to analyze the data captured by the monitoring probes. The processor is operatively configured to determine a number of lost data packets within the captured video data. The processor is further operatively configured to determine probability of unrecoverable losses within the captured video based on the determined number of lost data packets. The processor is also operatively configured to calculate a video quality index value based on the determined probability of unrecoverable loses.

Abstract: A system for directing the motion of a vehicle, comprising receiving commands in natural language using a processor, the commands specifying a relative path to be taken by the vehicle with respect to other objects in the environment; and determining an absolute path for the vehicle to follow based on the relative path using the processor, the absolute path comprising a series of coordinates in the environment; and directing the vehicle along the absolute path. Also provided is a system for training a lexicon of a natural language processing system, comprising receiving a data set containing a corpus of absolute paths driven by a vehicle annotated with natural language descriptions of the absolute paths using a processor, and determining parameters of the lexicon based on the data set.

Abstract: A microbial infection in an eye of a subject is treated or prevented by topically administering to the eye an effective amount of a macromolecule or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof that includes a dendrimer of 1 to 8 generations with one or more sulfonic acid- or sulfonate-containing moieties attached to one or more surface groups of the outermost generation of the dendrimer. Compositions containing the macromolecule or salt are useful in these methods.

Abstract: A microbial infection in an eye of a subject is treated or prevented by topically administering to the eye an effective amount of a macromolecule or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof that includes a dendrimer of 1 to 8 generations with one or more sulfonic acid- or sulfonate-containing moieties attached to one or more surface groups of the outermost generation of the dendrimer. Compositions containing the macromolecule or salt are useful in these methods.

Abstract: A system for evaluating quality of video delivered over a telecommunications network is provided. The system includes one or more monitoring probes coupled to one or more network interfaces providing direct communication between two or more networked devices. The monitoring probes are adapted to capture video data from the network interfaces. The system further includes a processor adapted to analyze the data captured by the monitoring probes. The processor is operatively configured to determine a number of lost data packets within the captured video data. The processor is further operatively configured to determine probability of unrecoverable losses within the captured video based on the determined number of lost data packets. The processor is also operatively configured to calculate a video quality index value based on the determined probability of unrecoverable loses.

Abstract: An enclosure vent is operable to be mounted to a building that presents an interior space and to move in response to a change in vent temperature. The vent includes a vent frame and a laminated composite vent panel. The vent panel includes outer and inner panel layers and an intermediate connecting structure that connects the panel layers relative to one another along an interface defined between the panel layers. The outer and inner panel layers have, respectively, first and second coefficients of thermal expansion that are different from each other and cause expansion and contraction of the corresponding panel layers along the interface. The connecting structure permits expansion and/or contraction of each panel layer in response to a vent temperature change so that the panel flexes.

Abstract: A thermally adaptive wall covering is operable to cover at least part of a wall and to move in response to a change in covering temperature. The wall covering includes a laminated composite panel with first and second panel layers and an intermediate connecting structure that connects the panel layers relative to one another along an interface defined between the panel layers. The first and second panel layers have, respectively, first and second coefficients of thermal expansion that are different from each other and cause expansion and contraction of the corresponding panel layers along an interface therebetween. The connecting structure permits expansion and/or contraction of each panel layer relative to the other panel layer in response to the covering temperature change so that the panel flexes.

Abstract: A thermally adaptive wall covering is operable to cover at least part of a wall and to move in response to a change in covering temperature. The wall covering includes a laminated composite panel with first and second panel layers and an intermediate connecting structure that connects the panel layers relative to one another along an interface defined between the panel layers. The first and second panel layers have, respectively, first and second coefficients of thermal expansion that are different from each other and cause expansion and contraction of the corresponding panel layers along an interface therebetween. The connecting structure permits expansion and/or contraction of each panel layer relative to the other panel layer in response to the covering temperature change so that the panel flexes.