Abstract: A method for abandonment of a subsea well includes: setting a packer of a lower cementing tool against a bore of an inner casing at a location adjacent to an outer casing; fastening a pressure control assembly (PCA) to the subsea wellhead; hanging an upper cementing tool from the PCA and stabbing the upper cementing tool into a polished bore receptacle of the lower cementing tool; perforating a wall of the inner casing below the packer; perforating the inner casing wall above the packer by operating a perforator of the upper cementing tool; and pumping cement slurry followed by a release plug through bores of the cementing tools. The release plug engages and launches a cementing plug from the lower cementing tool. The cementing plug drives the cement slurry through the perforations below the packer and into an inner annulus formed between the inner casing and the outer casing.

Abstract: A method for abandonment of a subsea well includes: setting a packer of a lower cementing tool against a bore of an inner casing at a location adjacent to an outer casing; fastening a pressure control assembly (PCA) to the subsea wellhead; hanging an upper cementing tool from the PCA and stabbing the upper cementing tool into a polished bore receptacle of the lower cementing tool; perforating a wall of the inner casing below the packer; perforating the inner casing wall above the packer by operating a perforator of the upper cementing tool; and pumping cement slurry followed by a release plug through bores of the cementing tools. The release plug engages and launches a cementing plug from the lower cementing tool. The cementing plug drives the cement slurry through the perforations below the packer and into an inner annulus formed between the inner casing and the outer casing.

Abstract: An electrooptical deflector is presented. The electrooptical deflector includes a material that has a different refractive index for different polarization states and changes its refractive index in response to voltage (e.g., lithium niobate or lithium tantalite). Inside the material is a poled region that includes triangularly-shaped prisms, each of which affects the direction in which an incident light beam propagates. When a light beam of a known polarization state propagates through the material, its direction of propagation (i.e., the amount of deflection) is controlled by a voltage applied to the poled region and the size and number of the prisms in the material.

Abstract: An optical switch includes a polarization splitter/combiner that is made of a material that changes its refractive index in response to voltage. The polarization splitter divides an input beam into a first polarized component and a second polarized component. Each of the first and second polarized components is fed into a first polarization-sensitive deflector and a second polarization-sensitive deflector, each of which deflects a light beam by a predetermined angle. A plurality of polarization combining systems are positioned to receive a deflected first component and a deflected second component and combine the first and the second deflected components into an output beam propagating through an output fiber.

Abstract: An electrooptical deflector is presented. The electrooptical deflector includes a material that has a different refractive index for different polarization states and changes its refractive index in response to voltage (e.g., lithium niobate or lithium tantalite). Inside the material is a poled region that includes triangularly-shaped prisms, each of which affects the direction in which an incident light beam propagates. When a light beam of a known polarization state propagates through the material, its direction of propagation (i.e., the amount of deflection) is controlled by a voltage applied to the poled region and the size and number of the prisms in the material.

Abstract: An optical switch includes a polarization splitter/combiner that is made of a material that changes its refractive index in response to voltage. The polarization splitter divides an input beam into a first polarized component and a second polarized component. Each of the first and second polarized components is fed into a first polarization-sensitive deflector and a second polarization-sensitive deflector, each of which deflects a light beam by a predetermined angle. A plurality of polarization combining systems are positioned to receive a deflected first component and a deflected second component and combine the first and the second deflected components into an output beam propagating through an output fiber.