Abstract: The invention relates to an oxycombustion method with capture of the CO2 produced. Mixer M supplies chamber CC with a mixture of oxygen from unit O and of recycled fumes from storage drum SG. Chamber CC is supplied with oxidizer from mixer M and with fuel flowing in through line 8. All of the combustion fumes are sent to water condensation unit CT, then fed into storage drum SG. Part of the fumes containing all the CO2 produced by combustion is compressed to about 60 bars, then cooled and partly liquefied to about 15° C. in liquefaction unit L1, and stored in drum SM. According to the invention, the partly liquefied CO2 is compressed by means of a multiphase pump in order to be discharged through line 16 and stored in an underground reservoir.

Abstract: Process for the production of a RON isomerate that is at least equal to 80 and that contains less than 1% by weight of aromatic compounds and for co-production of an aromatic fraction that for the most part contains toluene, starting from a fraction with 7 carbon atoms containing paraffins, aromatic compounds and naphthenes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for isomerising typically paraffinic hydrocarbon fractions having 5-7 carbon atoms consisting in using a membrane separation unit which is supplied by an overhead flux from a deisohexaniser which makes it possible to maximise the isopentane quantity in isomerate. Said invention makes it possible to definitely improve the isomerate RON and MON indices by the inventive method.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oxycombustion method with capture of the CO2 produced. Mixer M supplies chamber CC with a mixture of oxygen from unit O and of recycled fumes from storage drum SG. Chamber CC is supplied with oxidizer from mixer M and with fuel flowing in through line 8. All of the combustion fumes are sent to water condensation unit CT, then fed into storage drum SG. Part of the fumes containing all the CO2 produced by combustion is compressed to about 60 bars, then cooled and partly liquefied to about 15° C. in liquefaction unit L1, and stored in drum SM. According to the invention, the partly liquefied CO2 is compressed by means of a multiphase pump in order to be discharged through line 16 and stored in an underground reservoir.

Abstract: Process for the production of a RON isomerate that is at least equal to 80 and that contains less than 1% by weight of aromatic compounds and a fraction that for the most part contains methylcyclohexane (MCH) and optionally toluene, starting from a fraction with 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of isomerising a charge comprising hydrocarbons containing between 5 and 8 carbon atoms per molecule. According to the invention, said charge is separated into at least two fractions: fraction A mostly comprising hydrocarbons containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and fraction B mostly comprising hydrocarbons containing 7 or 8 carbon atoms. Subsequently, said fractions A and B are treated separately under specific conditions in different isomerisation reaction zones.

Abstract: A process for the production of an isomerate with a RON that is at least equal to 80 and that contains less than 1% by weight of aromatic compounds, starting with a fraction consisting mostly of hydrocarbons with 7 carbon atoms, and containing paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatic compounds in any proportion is described. Said process uses at least one isomerization unit, at least one unit for opening naphthene rings, and at least one separation unit; these units are combined in such a way as to recycle, to exhaustion, methyl cyclohexane, toluene, and normal paraffins and monobranched paraffins.

Abstract: Process for the production of a RON isomerate that is at least equal to 80 and that contains less than 1% by weight of aromatic compounds and for co-production of an aromatic fraction that for the most part contains toluene, starting from a fraction with 7 carbon atoms containing paraffins, aromatic compounds and naphthenes.

Abstract: Process for the production of a RON isomerate that is at least equal to 80 and that contains less than 1% by weight of aromatic compounds and a fraction that for the most part contains methylcyclohexane (MCH) and optionally toluene, starting from a fraction with 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The fumes flowing in through line 1 are contacted in column C1 with a solvent, at low vapour pressure, absorbing the carbon dioxide. The solvent laden with carbon dioxide is regenerated by distillation in column C2. In order to improve the regeneration operation, a gas is injected through line 11 into column C2 so that this gas carries along the carbon dioxide contained in the solvent. The carbon dioxide-rich gaseous effluent obtained at the top of column C2 can be liquefied by compression and cooling, then stored in surge tank R, which allows its transportation and possibly underground sequestration.

Abstract: A process for the production of an isomerate with a RON that is at least equal to 80 and that contains less than 1% by weight of aromatic compounds, starting with a fraction consisting mostly of hydrocarbons with 7 carbon atoms, and containing paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatic compounds in any proportion is described. Said process uses at least one isomerization unit, at least one unit for opening naphthene rings, and at least one separation unit; these units are combined in such a way as to recycle, to exhaustion, methyl cyclohexane, toluene, and normal paraffins and monobranched paraffins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of isomerising a charge comprising hydrocarbons containing between 5 and 8 carbon atoms per molecule. According to the invention, said charge is separated into at least two fractions: fraction A mostly comprising hydrocarbons containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and fraction B mostly comprising hydrocarbons containing 7 or 8 carbon atoms. Subsequently, said fractions A and H are treated separately under specific conditions in different isomerisation reaction zones.

Abstract: A passivation method for the metallic surface of a nickel and iron-based superalloy which is used as the constituent material of reactor or furnace walls is described, in which the superalloy is coated on at least one of its surfaces which comes into contact with a corrosive atmosphere containing either hydrocarbons at high temperature or containing oxidizing gases at high temperature, with at least two successive layers resulting from successive chemical vapour deposition of its one or more constituent elements, the external phase, resulting from chemical vapour deposition of at least one silicon compound and the layer(s) deposited between the superalloy surface, and the external layer resulting from chemical vapour deposition of at least one of a metal or metalloid.

Abstract: Coated steel articles are described which exhibit anti-coking properties, and a process for producing such articles by depositing an anti-coking coating on a matrix constituted by a steel, in general a refractory steel. These articles comprise: a refractory steel substrate comprising at least 0.2% by weight of carbon; a carbon-rich diffusion barrier; and an outer layer containing 90% to 99% by weight of chromium, coated by a cementation method. More particularly, the coated steel articles constitute tubes for reactors or stills used in various refining or petrochemical processes.

Abstract: Process for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas which comprises:a) feeding to a reactor for Fischer-Tropsch reactions, containing a catalyst based on supported cobalt, a synthesis gas in molar ratios H.sub.2 /CO ranging from 1 to 3;b) discharging from the reactor a hydrocarbon liquid phase containing the catalyst, in suspension;c) feeding the suspension to a hydrocracking reactor operating at a temperature ranging from 200 to 500.degree. C.;d) discharging a vapour phase from the head of the hydrocracking reactor and from the bottom a suspension containing heavier products which is recycled to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor;e) cooling and condensing the vapour phase.

Abstract: Process for the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas which comprises: a) feeding to the bottom of a reactor for Fischer-Tropsch reactions a synthesis gas with molar ratios H.sub.2 /CO ranging from 1 to 3;b) discharging from the head of the reactor a hydrocarbon liquid phase containing the catalyst, in suspension;c) feeding the suspension to at least a first hydrocyclone to obtain a partially separated product containing from 0.5 to 15% by volume of solid particles;d) feeding the partially separated product to at least a second hydrocyclone to obtain a stream of liquid substantially without solid particles.

Abstract: A flexible steam cracking process for hydrocarbon feeds comprises injection of particles with an average size of between 0.02 mm and 4 mm, at a circulation rate in indirect transfer line exchangers (4) of 20 to 180 m/s, and in a sufficient quantity to limit the increase in temperature at the outlet to the exchangers (4) to a value of less than 100.degree. C. per month, into at least one point upstream of an indirect transfer line exchanger (4), cracking zone (2) remaining in communication with downstream means (6) for the treatment of cooled effluents. At least 70% by weight of the quantity of injected particles is introduced between the outlet to the cracking zone (2) and the tubes of the indirect transfer line exchanger (4). Chemical decoking is carried out in the tubes of the cracking zone at time intervals of less than 4 months by establishing accelerated coke gasification conditions, for example by injecting compounds which catalyse gasification by steam, or by decoking in air and/or steam.

Abstract: A facility and a process for steam cracking include controlled injection of solid particles into a transfer line exchanger (3). The particles are injected via injection lines, numbering between 1 and 8, just upstream of an impact-diffuser (6) comprising solid surfaces disposed on either side of the line for transfer of the cracked gases to the exchanger; this impact-diffuser is located in the inlet cone (2) of the exchanger, is permeable to the gases via a plurality of passages and at least 70% opaque viewed from the transfer line.

Abstract: A steam cracking process and facility is described which comprises injection of erosive powder to effect at least partial decoking of transfer line exchangers without interrupting the steam cracking stream. The powder, preferably injected just upstream of the transfer line exchangers (TLE) (4), is separated from the cracked gases in primary gas/solid separators (5), temporarily stored in receiving drums at a controlled temperature and evacuated to a common powder storage and/or treatment module by pneumatic transfer by means of a relatively low flow of uncondensable gas. The process and facility can be used to collect solid fragments generated by injection of chemical compounds which are catalysts for the gasification of coke by steam.

Abstract: A device for separating hydrogen from gaseous mixtures containing it or for purifying gaseous hydrogen, comprising an outer casing (2) fiIled with a plurality of tubes (3) made of a suitable palladium based alloy, which tubes are closed at one end (4). The tubes are fixed in substantially seal-tight manner, at the open end side (5), to a part at least of a base (6) made of a metal alloy, the composition of which is such that its expansion coefficient in hydrogen is substantially equal to that of the alloy of the tubes. The base can be integrally formed and made of the above-mentioned alloy, or it can comprise a ring of substantially the same composition as that of the tubes adhering thereto by way of an autogenous soldering.