Abstract: There are many inventions described herein as well as many aspects and embodiments of those inventions, for example, circuitry and techniques for reading, writing and/or operating a semiconductor memory cells of a memory cell array, including electrically floating body transistors in which an electrical charge is stored in the body of the transistor. In one aspect, the present inventions are directed to one or more independently controllable parameters of a memory operation (for example, restore, write, refresh), to program or write a data state into a memory cell. In one embodiment, the parameter is the amount of time of programming or writing a predetermined data state into a memory cell. In another embodiment, the controllable parameter is the amplitude of the voltage of the control signals applied to the gate, drain region and/or source region during programming or writing a predetermined data state into a memory cell. Indeed, the controllable parameters may be both temporal and voltage amplitude.

Abstract: A vertically reciprocating and substantially constant power drive unit, including pumping equipment situated at the bottom of a string of drive rods is provided. The drive unit comprises a linear electric motor whose field inductor and whose armature are constituted by two coaxial cylindrical parts, one of which is coupled to the top end of the drive rods and is movable relative to a stationary structure. A balancing device exerts a force on the moving equipment constituted by the pumping equipment, the rods, and the motor coupled thereto, which force is equal and opposite to the sum of the weight of the moving equipment plus one-half the weight (H/2) of the load.