Abstract: The level of exosomal polypeptides in a sample from a patient who has received a transplant is assayed and used as an indicator for transplant rejection. Based on the measured level of the exosomal polypeptides, therapeutic intervention, such as an immunosuppressant therapy, may be started, adjusted, continued or discontinued.

Abstract: The level of exosomal polypeptides in a sample from a patient who has received a transplant is assayed and used as an indicator for transplant rejection. Based on the measured level of the exosomal polypeptides, therapeutic intervention, such as an immunosuppressant therapy, may be started, adjusted, continued or discontinued.

Abstract: The level of miRNAs in a sample from a patient is assayed and used as an indicator of the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention for a cardiovascular disease, such as heart failure. The levels of a plurality of miRNAs, such as myomirs, may be measured. Based on the measured level of the miRNAs, the therapeutic intervention may be modified, adjusted, continued or discontinued. The miRNA level may also be used to assess the severity or disease progression of a cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: The level of miRNAs in a sample from a patient who has received a transplant is assayed and used as an indicator for transplant rejection. Based on the measured level of the miRNAs, therapeutic intervention, such as an immunosuppressant therapy, may be started, adjusted, continued or discontinued.