Abstract: A replication tool for producing, from a replication material, a plurality of optical elements, the replication tool extending in a horizontal direction, may comprise a first main surface, and a replication surface being opposite to the first main surface and configured to be in contact with the replication material, the replication surface comprising a plurality of replication sections, each of the replication sections being configured to shape a corresponding one of the optical elements, and each of the replication sections comprising a protruding portion, which is configured to define a concave surface of the optical element, and a peripheral portion, the peripheral portion surrounding the protruding portion and comprising a downward slope extending outwards from an outer boundary of the protruding portion and in a downward direction, the downward direction being perpendicular to the horizontal direction and extending away from the first main surface of the replication tool.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with a semiconductor body is specified, the semiconductor body extending in a vertical direction between a first main surface and a second main surface opposite the first main surface. The semiconductor body comprises a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type thereby forming a first pn junction, wherein the first semiconductor layer is more heavily doped than the second semiconductor layer. A side surface of the semiconductor body extending between the first main surface and the second main surface delimits the semiconductor body in a lateral direction comprises a first partial region and a second partial region, wherein the first partial region and the second partial region delimit the first semiconductor layer in regions.

Abstract: A turn-off power semiconductor device includes first and second thyristor cells, a common gate contact and a plurality of stripe-shaped electrically conductive first gate runners. Each first gate runner has a first end portion, a second end portion opposite to the first end portion and a first connecting portion connecting the first end portion and the second end portion. The first end portion is directly connected to the common gate contact. The first gate electrode layer portions of all first thyristor cells are implemented as a first gate electrode layer. The second gate electrode layer portions of all second thyristor cells are implemented as a second gate electrode layer. The first gate electrode layer is directly connected to the common gate contact. At least the first connecting portion of each first gate runner is separated from the first gate electrode layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with a semiconductor body is specified, the semiconductor body extending in a vertical direction between a first main surface and a second main surface opposite the first main surface. The semiconductor body comprises a first semiconductor layer of a first conductivity type and a second semiconductor layer of a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type thereby forming a first pn junction, wherein the first semiconductor layer is more heavily doped than the second semiconductor layer. A side surface of the semiconductor body extending between the first main surface and the second main surface delimits the semiconductor body in a lateral direction comprises a first partial region and a second partial region, wherein the first partial region and the second partial region delimit the first semiconductor layer in regions.

Abstract: A turn-off power semiconductor device includes first and second thyristor cells, a common gate contact and a plurality of stripe-shaped electrically conductive first gate runners. Each first gate runner has a first end portion, a second end portion opposite to the first end portion and a first connecting portion connecting the first end portion and the second end portion. The first end portion is directly connected to the common gate contact. The first gate electrode layer portions of all first thyristor cells are implemented as a first gate electrode layer. The second gate electrode layer portions of all second thyristor cells are implemented as a second gate electrode layer. The first gate electrode layer is directly connected to the common gate contact. At least the first connecting portion of each first gate runner is separated from the first gate electrode layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises two electrodes with opposite faces; a semiconductor wafer sandwiched between the two electrodes; an outer insulating ring attached to the two electrodes and surrounding the semiconductor wafer; a middle insulating ring inside the outer insulating ring and surrounding the semiconductor wafer, whereby the middle insulating ring is made of a plastics material; and an inner insulating ring inside the middle insulating ring, whereby the inner insulating ring is made of ceramics and/or glass material. Either the middle insulating ring or the inner insulating ring has a tongue and the other thereof has a groove such that the tongue fits into the groove for their rotational alignment. The middle insulating ring and the inner insulating ring have a radial opening for receiving a gate connection of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: There is provided a thyristor having emitter shorts, wherein in an orthogonal projection onto a plane parallel to a first main side, a contact area covered by an electrical contact of a first electrode layer with a first emitter layer and the emitter shorts includes areas in the shape of lanes, in which an area coverage of the emitter shorts is less than the area coverage of emitter shorts in the remaining area of the contact area, wherein the area coverage of the emitter shorts in a specific area is the area covered by the emitter shorts in that specific area relative to the specific area. The thyristor of the invention exhibits a fast turn-on process even without complicated amplifying gate structure.

Abstract: There is provided a thyristor having emitter shorts, wherein in an orthogonal projection onto a plane parallel to a first main side, a contact area covered by an electrical contact of a first electrode layer with a first emitter layer and the emitter shorts includes areas in the shape of lanes, in which an area coverage of the emitter shorts is less than the area coverage of emitter shorts in the remaining area of the contact area, wherein the area coverage of the emitter shorts in a specific area is the area covered by the emitter shorts in that specific area relative to the specific area. The thyristor of the invention exhibits a fast turn-on process even without complicated amplifying gale structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises two electrodes with opposite faces; a semiconductor wafer sandwiched between the two electrodes; an outer insulating ring attached to the two electrodes and surrounding the semiconductor wafer; a middle insulating ring inside the outer insulating ring and surrounding the semiconductor wafer, whereby the middle insulating ring is made of a plastics material; and an inner insulating ring inside the middle insulating ring, whereby the inner insulating ring is made of ceramics and/or glass material. Either the middle insulating ring or the inner insulating ring has a tongue and the other thereof has a groove such that the tongue fits into the groove for their rotational alignment. The middle insulating ring and the inner insulating ring have a radial opening for receiving a gate connection of the semiconductor device.